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Агентство национальной безопасности (Бахрейн)

Агентство национальной безопасности ( АНБ ) или Разведывательное управление Бахрейна ( BIA1 ) ( араб . جهاز الأمن الوطني ) — следственный орган в Бахрейне , который связан с Министерством внутренних дел, но формально не является его частью . [1] АНБ было создано после того, как король Хамад издал Указ № 14 от 2002 года, провозгласивший его заменой Генерального управления расследований государственной безопасности. [1] [2] [3] АНБ получило право производить аресты королевским указом 2008 года, [4] и утратило это право в 2011 году, опять же королевским указом. [5]

История

До 2002 года АНБ было организовано как «Генеральное управление расследований государственной безопасности» ( араб . الإدارة العامة لمباحث أمن الدولة ), также известное как «Служба безопасности и разведки». Его возглавлял Ян Хендерсон с 1966 по 1998 год. [6] [7] После того, как Хендерсон ушел в отставку в 1998 году, эту должность занял Халид бин Мохаммед Аль Халифа , племянник тогдашнего правителя Исы бин Салмана Аль Халифа . [6]

Адель Флайфель служила в организации до 2002 года.

Директора

Директор АНБ назначается королем, имеет ранг кабинета министров и является членом Высшего совета обороны наряду с министром внутренних дел. [1] По данным BCHR и оппозиции, руководящие должности в АНБ занимают родственники короля, большинство сотрудников агентства не являются гражданами Бахрейна и, несмотря на то, что они составляют большинство населения Бахрейна, шииты составляют лишь 4% сотрудников АНБ. [3] [8]

The current president of the NSA is Talal bin Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, who was appointed on 4 August 2016.[9] Talal bin Mohammed is the son of Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa who served as the Interior Minister of Bahrain for 31 years (1973–2004), and is the grandson of Khalifa bin Hamad Al Khalifa, the former Director General of Police & Public Security (1937–1961).[citation needed] Talal's great grandfather was the ruler of Bahrain Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa (1872–1942).[citation needed] Talal is the brother of Fawaz bin Mohammed Al Khalifa, the current ambassador of Bahrain to the United Kingdom.[citation needed]

Prior to Talal bin Mohammed's appointment, the director of the NSA was Major-General Adel bin Khalifa bin Hamad Al Fadhel. Adel bin Khalifa was appointed on 28 November 2011[10] to fill a vacancy created when the former director, Khalifa bin Abdullah Al Khalifa, was promoted to the position of Secretary General of the Supreme Defense Council.[11] Khalifa bin Abdullah is a cousin of King Hamad and a member of the Al Khalifa royal family of Bahrain. Khalifa bin Abdullah was appointed on 23 March 2008, prior to which he was serving as Bahrain's ambassador to London. He was previously the acting CEO of Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation and director of Press and Foreign Media Relations.[citation needed]

Prior to Khalifa bin Abdullah, the position of NSA director was occupied by another cousin of the King, Khalifa bin Ali bin Rashid Al Khalifa, who was appointed in September 2005, and is the current ambassador to London.[3][12] The first director of the NSA was another cousin of the King, Abdul Aziz bin Atiyatallah Al Khalifa, who was appointed by the King in May 2002.[3][13]

Bahrain NSA chiefs

References

  1. ^ a b c "Torture Redux". Human Rights Watch. 8 February 2010. p. 5. The NSA, while not formally part of the Ministry of Interior, has offices in Interior Ministry headquarters
  2. ^ "Decree No 14 of the Year 2002 on the Establishment of the National Security Agency". Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Bahrain. 8 May 2002. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d "Dangerous Statistics and Facts about the National Security Apparatus". Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. 5 March 2009.
  4. ^ "Decree No 117 of the Year 2008 on Amending Some Provisions of Decree 114 of the Year 2002". Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Bahrain. 31 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.
  5. ^ "Decree No 115 of the Year 2011 on Amending Some Provisions of Decree 114 of the Year 2002". Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Bahrain. 18 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Human Rights Watch World Report 1999". Human Rights Watch. 1999.
  7. ^ "'Britain's Klaus Barbie' still walks free". New Statesman. 29 November 1999.
  8. ^ "Bahraini Shi'ites protest against settling Sunnis". Reuters. 9 March 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  9. ^ "King appoints National Security Agency President". Bahrain News Agency. 4 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  10. ^ "Decree No 116 of the Year 2011 on the Appointment of the Director of the National Security Agency". Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Bahrain. 28 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.
  11. ^ "Royal Decree No 47 of the Year 2011 on the Appointment of the Secretary General of the Supreme Defense Council". Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Bahrain. 28 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.
  12. ^ "Bahrain 'torture service' official to attend royal wedding". The Guardian. 28 April 2011.
  13. ^ "Decree No 15 of the Year 2002 on the Appointment of the Head of the National Security Agency with the Rank of Minister". Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Bahrain. 8 May 2002. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.