A volcanogenic lake is a lake formed as a result of volcanic activity.[1] They are generally a body of water inside an inactive volcanic crater (crater lakes) but can also be large volumes of molten lava within an active volcanic crater (lava lakes) and waterbodies constrained by lava flows, pyroclastic flows or lahars in valley systems.[2] The term volcanic lake is also used to describe volcanogenic lakes, although it is more commonly assigned to those inside volcanic craters.[3][4][1][2]
Lava lake at Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
These are some examples of rare lava lakes where molten lava in a volcano maintains relative equilibrium, neither rising to overflowing nor sinking to drain away.
^ a bManville, V.; Hodgson, K. A.; Nairn, I. A. (2007). "A review of break-out floods from volcanogenic lakes in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 50 (2). The Royal Society of New Zealand: 131. Bibcode:2007NZJGG..50..131M. doi:10.1080/00288300709509826. ISSN 0028-8306. S2CID 129792354.
Christenson, B. W. (2000). Varekamp, Johan C.; Rowe, Gary L. Jr. (eds.). "Crater Lakes". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 97 (1–4): 1–508. Bibcode:2000JVGR...97....1C. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00167-5. (entire volume about crater lakes)
Pasternack, G. B.; Varekamp, J. C. (1997). "Volcanic lake systematics I. Physical constraints". Bulletin of Volcanology. 58 (7): 526–538. Bibcode:1997BVol...58..528P. doi:10.1007/s004450050160. S2CID 140598280.
Kusakabe, Minoru, ed. (1994). "Geochemistry of Crater Lakes". Geochemical Journal. 28 (3): 137–306. doi:10.2343/geochemj.28.137. (entire issue about chemistry of crater lakes)