1900 United States elections

The 1900 United States elections elected the 57th United States Congress. The election was held during the Fourth Party System. Republicans retained control of the presidency and both houses of Congress, while third parties suffered defeats.

In a re-match of the 1896 presidential election, Republican President William McKinley defeated Democratic former Representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska.^[3] McKinley's previous running mate, Vice President Garret Hobart, had died in office, so the Republicans nominated New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt as their vice presidential candidate. McKinley again won by a comfortable margin in both the popular vote and the electoral college, and he picked up a handful of states in the West and the Midwest. McKinley's win made him the first sitting president to win re-election since Ulysses S. Grant in 1872.

Republicans won minor gains in the House, maintaining their majority.^[4]

In the Senate, the Democrats made moderate gains while the Populist Party lost three seats. Republicans continued to maintain a commanding majority in the chamber.^[5]

See also

• 1900 United States presidential election
• 1900 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1900–01 United States Senate elections

References

1. Not counting special elections.
2. Congressional seat gain figures only reflect the results of the regularly-scheduled elections, and do not take special elections into account.
3. "1900 Presidential Election". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
4. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
5. "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate. Retrieved 25 June 2014.

Further reading

• Bailey, John W. Jr. (1973). "The Presidential Election of 1900 in Nebraska: McKinley over Bryan". Nebraska History. 54 (4): 561–584. ISSN 0028-1859.
• Bailey, Thomas A. (1937). "Was the Presidential Election of 1900 a Mandate on Imperialism?". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 24 (1): 43–52. doi:10.2307/1891336. JSTOR 1891336.
• Beeby, James M. "Red Shirt Violence, Election Fraud, and the Demise of the Populist Party in North Carolina's Third Congressional District, 1900." North Carolina Historical Review 85.1 (2008): 1-28. online
• Bloch, Herman D. "The New York Afro-American's Struggle for Political Rights and the Emergence of Political Recognition, 1865–1900." International Review of Social History 13.3 (1968): 321-349. online
• Brands, Henry William. The reckless decade: America in the 1890s (U of Chicago Press, 2002).
• Brown, M. Craig, and Barbara D. Warner. "Immigrants, urban politics, and policing in 1900." American Sociological Review (1992): 293-305. online
• Coletta, Paolo E. (1964). William Jennings Bryan. Vol. 1. University of Nebraska Press.
• Connolly, James J. The Triumph of Ethnic Progressivism: Urban Political Culture in Boston, 1900-1925 (Harvard UP, 2009).
• Fishel, Leslie H. "The Negro in Northern Politics, 1870-1900." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 42.3 (1955): 466-489. online
• Hair, William Ivy. Bourbonism and Agrarian Protest: Louisiana Politics, 1877--1900 (LSU Press, 1969).
• Harrington, Fred H. (1935). "The Anti-Imperialist Movement in the United States, 1898–1900". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 22 (2): 211–230. doi:10.2307/1898467. JSTOR 1898467.
• Hilpert, John M. (2015) American Cyclone: Theodore Roosevelt and His 1900 Whistle-Stop Campaign (U Press of Mississippi, 2015), 349 pp.
• Kalisch, Philip A. "The Black Death in Chinatown: Plague and Politics in San Francisco 1900-1904." Arizona and the West 14.2 (1972): 113-136. online
• McKinney, Gordon B. Southern Mountain Republicans 1865-1900: Politics and the Appalachian Community (U North Carolina Press, 1978).
• Moneyhon, Carl H. "Black Politics in Arkansas during the Gilded Age, 1876-1900." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 44.3 (1985): 222-245. online
• Morgan, H. Wayne (1966). "William McKinley as a Political Leader". Review of Politics. 28 (4): 417–432. doi:10.1017/S0034670500013188. JSTOR 1405280. S2CID 145544412.
• Quince, Charles. Resistance to the Spanish-American and Philippine Wars: Anti-imperialism and the Role of the Press, 1895-1902 (McFarland, 2017).
• Schlup, Leonard (1986). "In the Shadow of Bryan: Adlai E. Stevenson and the Resurgence of Conservatism at the 1900 Convention". Nebraska History. 67 (3): 224–238. ISSN 0028-1859.
• Thelen, David Paul. The new citizenship: Origins of progressivism in Wisconsin, 1885-1900 (U of Missouri Press, 1972).
• Tompkins, E. Berkeley (1967). "Scilla and Charybdis: the Anti-imperialist Dilemma in the Election of 1900". Pacific Historical Review. 36 (2): 143–161. doi:10.2307/3636719. JSTOR 3636719.

Primary sources

• Bryan, William Jennings. "The Election of 1900," pp. 788–801 Bryan gives his analysis of why he lost
• Stevenson, Adlai E., et al. "Bryan or McKinley? The Present Duty of American Citizens," The North American Review Vol. 171, No. 527 (Oct. 1900), pp. 433–516 in JSTOR political statements by politicians on all sides, including Adlai E. Stevenson, B. R. Tillman, Edward M. Shepard, Richard Croker, Erving Winslow, Charles Emory Smith, G. F. Hoar, T. C. Platt, W. M. Stewart, Andrew Carnegie, and James H. Eckels