Portuguese Fortress of Dibba Al-Hisn (Doba) in the 17th century - Lyvro de Plantaformas e Fortalezas da India.Purple - Portuguese in Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th century. Main cities, ports and routes.
Dibba Al-Hisn (Arabic: دبا الحصن, white Dibba) is a pene-exclave of the emirate of Al-Sharjah, one of the seven United Arab Emirates. It is bordered by the Gulf of Oman from the East, Dibba Al-Baya (a province of Oman in Musandam) from the North, and Dibba Al-Fujairah from the South. It is also geographically part of the Dibba region. It is the smallest in size among the Dibbas. It is mostly known for its fish market and the ancient fortress from which it got its name. Also, it is known for its high density of population relative to the other Dibbas.
History
Pre-Islamic period
Dibba Al-Hisn has been an important site of maritime trade and settlement since the pre-Islamic era. Although there is slight information, mainly from tombs, of settlement during the later second millennium and early first millennium BCE, contemporary with such sites as Shimal, Tell Abraq and Rumeilah, and of scattered occupation during the period of al-Dur and Mileiha, most mention of Dibba is in the period just prior to and after the coming of Islam. Under the Sasanians and their Omani clients the Al-Juland, an important market existed at Dibba. Dibba was sometimes the capital of Oman.[2] According to Ibn Habib, "merchants from Sindh, India, China, people of the East and West" came to it.
Islamic period
(632 - 633 CE) Soon after the death of Muhammad, a rebellion broke out at Dibba, and a faction of the Azd, led by Laqit bin Malik, nicknamed ذو التاجThu at-Taj ("The Crowned"), rejected Islam by refusing to pay the Zakat — the Islamic principle of giving a percentage of one's income to charity. Since Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam, this faction committed an act of Ridda (apostasy), according to Islamic beliefs. Laqit was killed by an envoy of the caliph Abu Bakr, in accord with one tradition, in what may have been a relatively small struggle; however, other sources, including Al-Tabari, say that at least 10,000 rebels were killed in one of the biggest battles of the Ridda wars (حروب الردة). The plain behind the Omani part of Dibba, Dibba Al-Baya, still contains a large cemetery, which, according to local tradition, represents the fallen apostates of Dibba (المرتدينAl-Murtaddeen).
During the time of the AbbasidcaliphAl Mu'tadid (870 - 892 CE), a great battle was fought at Dibba during the conquest of Oman by the Abbasid governor of Iraq and Bahrain, Muhammad bin Nur.
Colonial period
Portuguese occupation (1624 - 1648 CE)
Dibba Al-Hisn is believed to be the site where the Portuguese during the Habsburg Dynasty built a fort and a wall around the city.[1] In August 1648, the Arabs besieged Muscat, Oman, and on October 31, 1648, a treaty was signed between the two opponents. The terms required the Portuguese to build the fortress of Kuriyat, Dibba Al-Hisn and Matrah (Oman).[3]
Modern history
There were land disputes between Dibba Al-Hisn and Dibba Al-Baya, but they were resolved in the 1990s.[4]
List of rulers of Dibba
Under a Hakim
Sheikh Ahmad ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (1871–1883).
Sheikh Rashid ibn Ahmad al-Qasimi (1883–1937)
— with Sheikh Khalid II ibn Ahmad al-Qasimi (1903–1924)
Sheikh Ahmad ibn Rashid al-Qasimi (1937–1951)
reincorporated into Sharjah
Fishing traps in the old port in Dibba Al-Hisn
This timeline states events related to Dibba of UAE — Dibba Al-Fujairah and Dibba Al-Hisn.
September 10, 1974: Mohammad Khalifa Al Kindi signed a AED 52 million contract for the construction and surfacing of the road between Khor Fakkan and Dibba (the E99 road).
June 9, 1975: The Ministry of Communication in a memorandum asked the Supreme Council of the Federation for the authority to supervise transportation, the control of air space in all airports and all agreements made with airline companies in all the emirates. The Council of Ministers approved the construction of the highway between Dibba Al-Fujairah and Masafi at a cost of AED 94.5 Million.
January 19, 1977: The Federal Council of Ministers approved a number of projects costing AED 56 million, including water distribution in Ajman and Dibba.
January 10, 1978: Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi opened the wharf at Dibba Al-Hisn, which can accommodate 80 fishing boats. Part of the port will be used as ships' berths.
February 7, 1978: The Ministry of Water and Electricity announced that the east coast from Dibba to Fujairah had been connected through an electrical feeder station.
^"The Portuguese in the Arabia peninsula and in the Persic Gulf". www.colonialvoyage.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
^Chronicle of Progress: 25 Years of Development in the United Arab Emirates
By Ibrahim Abed, Paula Casey-Vine, Abdullah Al Jabali. ISBN 1-900724-03-0, ISBN 978-1-900724-03-6
