Columbia Rediviva (commonly known as Columbia) was a privately owned American ship under the command, first, of John Kendrick, and later Captain Robert Gray, best known for being the first American vessel to circumnavigate the globe, and her expedition to the Pacific Northwest for the maritime fur trade. "Rediviva" (Latin "revived") was added to her name upon a rebuilding in 1787. Since Columbia was privately owned, she did not carry the prefix designation "USS".
Simeon Woodruff, under the command of Kendrick, served as first mate from September to November 1787. A former gunner's mate during the final voyage of Captain James Cook, R.N., was the only man in the entire Columbia Expedition leaving Boston on the first voyage to have been to the Pacific.[3]
Joseph Ingraham, first mate under the command of Kendrick. In 1790 he was captain of Hope, which competed with Columbia in the fur trade.[4]
Robert Haswell, first mate under the command of Gray in 1791–93 during the second voyage to the Pacific Northwest.[3]
John Kendrick Jr, served as an officer under the command of his father, John Kendrick, during the first voyage. In 1789 at Nootka Sound left to join the Spanish Navy.[5][6][7]
John Boit was fifth officer of Columbia on its second voyage from 1790-1793; he was fifteen years old on the day of its departure. His log of the expedition is the only complete account of the second voyage of Columbia, and only one of two written accounts of the first European Americans to locate what they would call the Columbia River on May 12, 1792.[8]
Legacy
In 1958, a full-scale replica of the ship opened as an attraction, named "Sailing Ship Columbia", in Frontierland at Disneyland, and the three-masted vessel continues to ply the Rivers of America there most days of the year. Contained within the hull is "Below Decks", which is an exhibit of nautical artifacts from the 18th Century that passengers can visit while on board. The ship was designed by Walt Disney Imagineering with direction from Admiral Joe Fowler and marine expert Ray Wallace.[9]
In July 1969, the name was used for the Apollo 11Command Module Columbia, the mission which landed humans on the Moon for the first time.
^Ridley, Scott (2010). Morning of Fire: John Kendrick's Daring American Odyssey in the Pacific. Harper Collins. pp. 133–136. ISBN 978-0-06-202019-2. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
^Tovell, Freeman M. (2009). At the Far Reaches of Empire: The Life of Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra. University of British Columbia Press. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-7748-5836-6. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
^Howay, Frederic (1990). Voyages of the "Columbia" to the Northwest Coast 1787-1790 and 1790-1793. Oregon Historical Society Press. pp. xxii. ISBN 978-0875952505.
^Shaffer, Joshua C (July 17, 2017). Discovering the Magic Kingdom: An Unofficial Disneyland Vacation Guide - Second Edition. Synergy Book Publishing. p. 540. ISBN 978-0-9991664-0-6.
^"NASA: Space Shuttle Overview: Columbia". Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
Further reading
Log of the Columbia, 1790–1792. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Third Series, Vol. 53, (Oct., 1919 - Jun., 1920).
Nokes, J. Richard (1991). Columbia's River. Washington State Historical Society. pp. 79–83. ISBN 0-917048-68-7.