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List of shortest-reigning monarchs

A monarch is the leader of a monarchy, a position usually intended to last for life or until abdication or deposition. The reigns of some monarchs have been notably short. Many of these monarchs acceded to the throne as a result of being first in an order of succession, while other monarchs claimed the throne as a result of conflict. The authenticity of some monarchs has been disputed, especially those who reigned during conflict. One factor in such debates is whether the monarch held the throne in a symbolic or nominal capacity.[clarification needed]

Monarchs who reigned for less than a day

Other monarchs who reigned for less than a week

Other monarchs who reigned for less than a month

Other monarchs who reigned for less than three months

Other monarchs who reigned for less than six months

Other monarchs who reigned for a year or less

Other monarchs who may have reigned for less than a year

The following monarchs may also have reigned for less than a year, but only an approximate length of reign is known.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Shajar al-Durr has often been referred to as a "Sultana", but there is in fact no feminine form of Sultan and she herself used the title "Sultan" on her coinage.[39]
  2. ^ Sinmu is recorded as having reigned for three lunar months, slightly shorter than solar ones.
  3. ^ Not assassinated, as the murder had no political aim.

References

  1. ^ a b "Shortest reign of a monarch". Guinness World Records.
  2. ^ Guinness Book of World Records. Sterling Publishing. 1975. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-8069-0012-4. The shortest recorded reign was that of the Dauphin Louis Antoine, who was technically King Louis XIX of France for the 15 minutes between the signature of Charles X (1757–1836) and his own signature to the act of abdication.
  3. ^ Blanc, Louis (1848). France Under Louis Philippe. Translated by Walter Kelly. p. 214.
  4. ^ Pinoteau, Hervé (1982). "Notes de vexillologie royale française". Hidalguía. La revista de genealogía, nobleza y armas (172–173). Madrid: 361–362. LOUIS ANTOINE, montrant ainsi qu'il ne se considérait point roi Louis XIX entre le moment où son père avait signé CHARLES et celui où il avait mis son propre nom. Ceci dit pour corriger les auteurs qui sont nombreux à dire que l'on eut quelques minutes durant un roi Louis XIX en 1830.
  5. ^ Nowell, Charles E. (1973). Portugal. Prentice-Hall. p. 133. ISBN 9780136869153.
  6. ^ Book of Wei, chapter 9.
  7. ^ Sinica calendar converter.
  8. ^ 历史上短命的皇帝有哪些 [Short-lived emperors in history]. Shangdu.com (in Chinese). Henan Culture Web (河南文化网). 16 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  9. ^ J.N.D Kelly & M.J. Walsh (2010). A Dictionary of Popes. Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 9780199295814.
  10. ^ Tan Koon San (2014). Dynastic China: An Elementary History. The Other Press. p. 261. ISBN 9789839541885.
  11. ^ name=Pham>Pham, John-Peter. Heirs of the Fisherman: Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession, Oxford University Press, 2004 ISBN 9780199334827
  12. ^ "The Abdication of Nicholas II: 100 Years Later". The Russian Legitimist. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  13. ^ Damrong Rajanubhab (1936). Journey Through Burma. p. 170. ISBN 9789748358857
  14. ^ Obeyesekere, Donald (1999). Outlines of Ceylon history. Asian Educational Services. p. 176. ISBN 9788120613638.
  15. ^ Miller, William (1969) [1926]. Trebizond: The last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era: 1204-1461. Chicago: Argonaut. p. 50.
  16. ^ Dhammakitti; Sumangala, Tibbotuvāve (1998) [4th-18th Century CE]. Cūḷavaṃsa. Translated by Geiger, Wilhelm.[full citation needed]
  17. ^ Prutsch, M. (2012). Making Sense of Constitutional Monarchism in Post-Napoleonic France and Germany. Springer. p. 15. ISBN 9781137291653.
  18. ^ Holoman, D. Kern (2004). The Société Des Concerts Du Conservatoire, 1828-1967. University of California Press. p. 184. ISBN 9780520236646.
  19. ^ "Louis Philippe". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  20. ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 578–579. ISBN 9780810875241.
  21. ^ Guillaume, Marie-Christine (2004). La Terre du Dragon: Références culturelles sur le Vietnam (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Publibook. p. 47. ISBN 9782748316476.
  22. ^ John S. Major, Constance A. Cook (2016). Ancient China: A History. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9781317503668.
  23. ^ Baumer, Christoph (2018). History of Central Asia, 4 volume set. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 366. ISBN 9781838608675.
  24. ^ Osmańczyk, Edmund (2003). Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: N to S. New York: Routledge. p. 1545. ISBN 9780415939232.
  25. ^ "Stephen (II)". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  26. ^ Anderson, James (2012). The Rebel Den of Nung Trí Cao. Singapore: University of Washington Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780295800776.
  27. ^ Taylor, K. W. (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. p. 650. ISBN 9781107244351.
  28. ^ "Biografia de Juan II de Portugal". www.biografiasyvidas.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  29. ^ "John I". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  30. ^ Hammond, N. C. L; Griffith, G. T. (1972). A History of Macedonia: 550–336 B.C. Clarendon Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780198148142.
  31. ^ Carney, E. (2015) King and Court in Ancient Macedonia: Rivalry, Treason and Conspiracy. ISD LLC.
  32. ^ Hall, K. R.; Whitmore, J. K. (1976). Explorations in Early Southeast Asian History. University of Michigan Press. p. 284. ISBN 9780891480112.
  33. ^ Dănuț Zuzeac (2016). "Cea mai scurtă domnie din Evul Mediu. Cum a ajuns un boier să stea pe tronul Moldovei doar câteva zile". Adevărul
  34. ^ Wallis Budge, E. A. (1970) [1928]. A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia. Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications. p. 481. Budge considers him the son of Iyasus and brother of Iyoas.
  35. ^ Peachin, Michael (1990). Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, A.D. 235–284. Amsterdam: Gieben. p. 43. ISBN 90-5063-034-0.
  36. ^ Banchich, Thomas (1999). "Quintillus (270 A.D)". De Imperatoribus Romanis. Sources give him a reign-length of 17 days, 20 days, 77 days and "a few months". The claim that he ruled for 17 days is probably a mistake.
  37. ^ Stewart, John (2005). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 19–20. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
  38. ^ Seaman, R.M. (2013) Conflict in the Early Americas: An Encyclopedia of the Spanish Empire's Aztec, Incan, and Mayan Conquests. ABC-CLIO, 485 pages.
  39. ^ Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard, eds. (1977). The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-521-29135-4. OCLC 3549123. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  40. ^ Wallis Budge, E. A. (1970) [1928]. A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia. Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications. p. 481.
  41. ^ Wallis Budge, E. A. (1970) [1928]. A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia. Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications. p. 469.
  42. ^ [Valencia, ¿? – ¿?, d. 1086] 'Utmán ben Abū Bakr Muḥammad ben ʿAbd al-‘Azíz.
  43. ^ Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 72.