Public transport in Athens comprises a bus network, various rail systems, funiculars, and maritime services to serve the more than 4 million inhabitants of the city spread over an area of 2928 km2.
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The Athens Metro is operated by Stasy S.A (Statheres Sygkoinonies S.A) which is a subsidiary company of OASA (Athens urban transport organisation) and provides public transport throughout the Athens Urban Area. While its main purpose is transport, it also houses Greek artifacts found during construction of the system.[1] The Athens Metro has an operating staff of 387 and runs three metro lines; namely the Line 1 (Green), Line 2 (Red) and line 3 (Blue) lines, of which the first was constructed in 1869, and the other two largely during the 1990s, with the initial sections opened in January 2000. The line 1 for the most part runs at ground level and the other two (lines 2,3) routes run entirely underground (except the Doukisis Plakentias-Airport section) and a fleet of 42 trains consisting of 252 cars operate within the network,[2] with a daily occupancy of 1,353,000 passengers.
Line 1 (the Green Line) serves 24 stations, and forms the oldest line of the Athens metro network. Runs from Piraeus station to Kifissia station and covers a distance of 25.6-kilometre (15.9 mi). There are also transfer connections with the Blue (line 3) at Monastiraki and Piraeus station and with Red (line 2) at Omonia and Attiki stations.
Line 2 (the Red Line) runs from Anthoupoli station to Elliniko station with a total number of stations being 20 and covers a distance of 17.5 km (10.9 mi).[116] The line connects the western suburbs of Athens with the southeast suburbs, passing through the center of Athens. The Red line has transfer connections with the Green (line 1) at Attiki and Omonia Square stations. There are also transfer connections with the Blue (line 3) at the Syntagma Square station and with the Tram at Syntagma Square, Syngrou-Fix station and Neos Kosmos station.[3] There is a planned expansion of this line from Anthoupoli to Ilion, and the estimated completion date is 2028.[2]
Line 3 (the Blue Line) runs from the western suburbs, namely the Dimotiko Theatro metro station, through the central Monastiraki and Syntagma stations to Doukissis Plakentias avenue in the northeastern suburb of Halandri, covering a distance of 23 stations and 16 km (10 mi),[3] then ascending to ground level and reaching Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport with a total of 27 stations, using the Suburban Railway infrastructure and extending its length to 39 km (24 mi).[3] The spring 2007 extension from Monastiraki westwards, to Egaleo, connected some of the main night life hubs of the city, namely the ones of Gazi (Kerameikos station) with Psirri (Monastiraki station) and the city centre (Syntagma station). The line extension westwards towards Piraeus was completed in 2022. [1]
The Athens Suburban Railway, referred to as the Proastiakos, connects Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport to the city of Aigio, 170 km (106 mi)[4] west of Athens, and Larissa station, the city's central rail station, with the port of Piraeus and Chalkida. The length of Athens's commuter rail network extends to 120 km (75 mi),[4] and is expected to stretch to 281 km (175 mi) by 2010.[4] The Suburban Railway will be extended to Patras.
Stasy operates a fleet of 60 vehicles,[5] 35 'Ansaldobreda Sirio' and 25 'Alstom Citadis 305',[6] which serve 60 stations,[5] employ 345 people with an average daily occupancy of 65,000 passengers.[5] The tram network spans a total length of 27 km (17 mi) and covers ten Athenian suburbs.[5] The network runs from Syntagma Square to the southwestern suburb of Pireus, where the line splits in two branches; the first runs along the coastline toward the southern suburb of Voula, while the other heads towards the port of Piraeus. The network covers the majority of the Athens coastline.[7] There are plans to extend the tram network into the Ellinikon development area.
Athens is the hub of the country's national railway system (OSE), connecting the capital with major cities across Greece and abroad (Istanbul, Sofia and Bucharest). Due to low demand and financial difficulties, all international rail services were suspended indefinitely in 2011. The Port of Piraeus connects Athens to the numerous Greek islands of the Aegean Sea, with ferries departing, while also serving the cruise ships that arrive.
OSY (Greek: ΟΣΥ) (Odikes SYgkinonies), or Road Transport, is the main operator of the bus network in Athens. It was created in 2011 after the merger of ETHEL and ILPAP, the two previous bus operators in Athens. As of 2017, its network consists of about 322 bus lines which span the Athens Metropolitan Area. As of 2020 has an operating staff of 4,669, and a fleet of 1,897 buses. Of those 1,897 buses, 301 run on compressed natural gas and 286 are electric buses (trolleybuses).[8] All of the 286 trolleybuses are equipped to enable them to run on diesel in case of power failure.[9]
Intercity and regional bus links are provided by KTEL from two InterCity Bus Terminals, Kifissos Bus Terminal A and Liosion Bus Terminal B, both located in the center-western part of the city. International bus links are provided by various private transport companies.
The daytime bus network in the city run between the hours of 05:00 – 00:00 generally.[10] OSY has two bus routes which operate on a 24-hour basis; the 11 and 040.[11] Most routes depart on a 30-60 minute frequency Mon-Sun.[11] It also runs three intermunicipal night lines (which operate after midnight); X14, 500 and 790.[10][11] The Athens Transport Authority also operates four 24-hour express bus-lines from Athens International Airport to different parts of the city. The X95 links to the city centre, the X93 links to Kifissos and Liosion bus stations, the X96 links to the Port of Piraeus and the X97 links to Elliniko metro station.[12][13] As of 2021 the fare on these services was 5.50 euro per person.[12]
There are 8 bus depots in the Athens greater area.
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Athens, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 71 min. 16% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 18 min, while 34% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 6.8 km, while 13% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[14]
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