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1916 United States Senate elections

The 1916 United States Senate elections were elections that coincided with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson. This was the first election since the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment that all 32 Class 1 senators were selected by direct or popular elections instead of state legislatures. Republicans gained a net of two seats from the Democrats, and then a furthered seat through mid-term vacancies thereby reducing Democrats to a 53-43 majority.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Four Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

Defeats

Nine Democrats and five Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

Post-election changes

Seven Democrats and two Republicans died during the 65th Congress, and initially were all replaced by appointees.

Change in composition

Before the elections

Elections results

Race summaries

Special elections during the 64th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.

Elections leading to the 65th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

Closest races

Eighteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

Arizona

Arkansas (special)

Three-term Democratic Senate President pro tempore James Paul Clarke died October 1, 1916.

Democrat William F. Kirby was elected November 7, 1916, to finish the term. He served only the rest of this term, losing renomination in 1920.

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Indiana

There were two elections held November 7, 1916, due to a vacancy. The elections converted both seats from Democratic to Republican, thus marking the first time since the popular-election of Senators was mandated by the Seventeenth Amendment three years earlier that both Senate seats in a state flipped from one party to the other in a single election cycle.

Indiana (special)

Two-term Democrat Benjamin F. Shively was re-elected in 1914 and served until he died March 14, 1916. Democrat Thomas Taggart was appointed by Governor Samuel Ralston on March 20 to continue the term until a November 7, 1916, special election. Taggart lost the special election to Republican James Eli Watson.

Watson would finish out the term, be re-elected twice, and serve until his 1932 re-election loss.

Indiana (regular)

One-term Democrat John W. Kern was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Harry Stewart New.

New served only until losing renomination in 1922. Kern died on August 17, 1917, the same year he left the U.S Senate.

Maine

There were two elections due to a vacancy. Both elections were held September 11, 1916, as Maine routinely held its annual elections in September at the time.

Maine (special)

One-term Republican Edwin C. Burleigh was elected in 1913, and died June 16, 1916. Republican Bert M. Fernald was elected September 12, 1916, to finish the term.

Fernand would later be re-elected twice and serve until his 1926 death.

Maine (regular)

One-term Democrat Charles Fletcher Johnson was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Frederick Hale.

Hale would later be re-elected three times and serve until his 1935 retirement.

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Dakota

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Tennessee

Texas

Incumbent Democrat Charles Culberson survived a challenge from former Governor Oscar Colquitt in the Democratic primary, then easily won the general election.

Utah

Vermont

The 1916 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1916.[68] It was the second direct election for the U.S. Senate to take place in Vermont following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the first for Vermont's Class I seat. The incumbent, Republican Carroll S. Page successfully ran for re-election to a second full term.[69]

In the primary election, which was held on September 11, Page gained re-nomination by winning 62 percent of the vote to defeat former governor Allen M. Fletcher (20.3) and current governor Charles W. Gates (17.7).[70]

With the Republican Party dominant in Vermont, as it had been since its founding in the 1850s, Democratic candidate Oscar C. Miller was little more than a token opponent for Page.[71] In the general election, Page defeated Miller 74.4 percent to 23.5.[69]

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

See also

Notes

  1. ^ September 11, 1916 in Maine
  2. ^ as Democratic Conference Chairman
  3. ^ as Republican Conference Chairman
  4. ^ Appointee defeated
  5. ^ Maine was the "tipping-point state".

References

  1. ^ "ME US Senate - Special Election Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  2. ^ "AR US Senate Special Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  3. ^ "IN US Senate - Special Election Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  4. ^ "AZ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  5. ^ "CA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  6. ^ "CT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  7. ^ "DE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  8. ^ "FL US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  9. ^ "IN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  10. ^ "ME US Senate Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  11. ^ "MD US Senate - D Primary Race - May 1, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  12. ^ "MD US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  13. ^ a b "MA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  14. ^ "MN US Senate - R Primary Race - June 19, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  15. ^ "MN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  16. ^ "MS US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  17. ^ "MO US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  18. ^ "MT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  19. ^ "NE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  20. ^ "NV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  21. ^ "NJ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  22. ^ "NM US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  23. ^ "ND US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  24. ^ "OH US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  25. ^ a b "PA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  26. ^ "RI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  27. ^ "TX US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  28. ^ "UT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  29. ^ "VT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  30. ^ "VA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  31. ^ "WA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  32. ^ "WV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  33. ^ "WI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  34. ^ "WY US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  35. ^ "CA US Senate, 1916". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  36. ^ "Our Campaigns - CT US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
  37. ^ http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1916election.pdf [dead link]
  38. ^ "Our Campaigns - DE US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
  39. ^ Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1917). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.
  40. ^ "FL US Senate Race". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  41. ^ Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1917). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.
  42. ^ "Our Campaigns – IN US Senate Race – Nov 06, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  43. ^ "ME US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 27 Dec 2020.
  44. ^ "Archives of Maryland, Volume 0127, Page 0258 - Maryland Manual, 1916-17". msa.maryland.gov.
  45. ^ "MD US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  46. ^ Office of the Secretary of Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1916). Number of assessed polls, registered voters and persons who voted in each voting precinct in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at the state, city and town elections. p. 558.
  47. ^ "Our Campaigns - MI US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 29 Dec 2020.
  48. ^ "Our Campaigns - MN US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
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  50. ^ "MT US Senate". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved 12 Mar 2020.
  51. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
  52. ^ "Our Campaigns - NV US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
  53. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1916" (PDF). Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  54. ^ "Our Campaigns - NJ US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  55. ^ "Our Campaigns - NM US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
  56. ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  57. ^ "Our Campaigns - ND US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
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  59. ^ "Our Campaigns - OH US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 31 Dec 2020.
  60. ^ "PA US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  61. ^ "RI US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 14 Feb 2021.
  62. ^ "TN US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 14 Feb 2021.
  63. ^ Bartlett, C. J. (1917). Supplemental Biennial Report of the Secretary of State. Austin, Texas: A. C. Baldwin & Stone Printers. pp. 48–51.
  64. ^ Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1917). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.
  65. ^ "Our Campaigns – TX US Senate Race – Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  66. ^ "Our Campaigns - UT US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
  67. ^ "General Election Results - U.S. Senator - 1914-2014" (PDF). Office of the Vermont Secretary of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  68. ^ "Fair Weather for Today's Election -- Fair Weather Assured". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. November 7, 1916. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ^ a b "Vote for U.S. Senator". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. January 4, 1917. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. ^ "State Primary Official Vote". Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. September 19, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  71. ^ Hand, Samuel B (Fall 1980). "The Mechanisms of Control: The Mountain Rule" (PDF). Vermont History. Vermont Historical Society: Montpelier, VT. p. 198 – via Newspapers.com.