Sancho III of Castile

King of Castile and Toledo from 1157 to 1158

Sancho III (c. 1134 – 31 August 1158), called the Desired (el Deseado),^[a] was King of Castile and Toledo for one year, from 1157 to 1158. He was the son of Alfonso VII of León and Castile and his wife Berengaria of Barcelona, and was succeeded by his son Alfonso VIII. His nickname was due to his position as the first child of his parents, born after eight years of childless marriage.

During his reign, the Order of Calatrava was founded. It was also in his reign that the Treaty of Sahagún in May 1158 was decided.

Life

Sancho was the eldest son of King Alfonso VII of León and Castile and Berengaria of Barcelona.^[1] He was endowed with the "Kingdom of Nájera" in 1152, and, according to Carolina Carl, never appears in documents as "king of Nájera".^[2] He also succeeded Urraca the Asturian in ruling the Kingdom of Artajona (eu:Artaxoako Erresuma).^[3] His father's will partitioned the kingdom between his two sons: Sancho inherited the kingdoms of Castile and Toledo, and Ferdinand inherited León.^[4] The two brothers had just signed a treaty when Sancho suddenly died in the summer of 1158, being buried at Toledo.^[5]

During his reign, the castle of Calatrava-la-Vieja was conceded to Abbot Raymond Serrat of Fitero, who proposed using the lay brothers of his monastery as knights to defend this castle. These knights would give rise to the Order of Calatrava, which was confirmed in 1164 by Pope Alexander III.^[6][7]

The Treaty of Sahagún of May 1158, outlined the spheres of conquests between Leonese and Castilian against al-Andalus. A possible division of the Portuguese kingdom among the two sons of Alfonso VII, would come to nothing due to the premature death of Sancho.^[8][9]

Marriage

Sancho married, in 1151, Blanche of Navarre, daughter of García Ramírez of Navarre,^[10] and had:

• Alfonso VIII of Castile, his successor^[11]
• infante García, who died at birth in 1156, apparently also resulting in the death of Queen Blanche.^[12]

Notes

1. The early 13th-century historian Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada called him desiderabilis Sancius.

References

1. Van-Houts 2013, p. 160.
2. Carl 2011, p. 155.
3. Unzué, José Luis Orella; Estévez, Xosé; Espinosa, José María Lorenzo (1995). Historia de Euskal Herria: Los vascos de ayer (in Spanish). Txalaparta. p. 110. ISBN 978-84-8136-946-5.
4. Linehan 2011, p. 8.
5. O'Callaghan 1975, p. 235.
6. Linehan 2011, p. 10.
7. Lay 2009, p. 184.
8. Linehan 2011, p. 8-10.
9. Mattoso 2007, p. 286-287.
10. Hourihane 2012, p. 548.
11. Shadis & Berman 2002, p. 204.
12. del Alamo & Pendergast 2000, p. 45.

Sources

• Carl, Carolina (2011). A Bishopric Between Three Kingdoms: Calahorra, 1045-1190. Brill.
• Conant, Kenneth John (1959). Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, 800 to 1200. Yale University Press.
• del Alamo, Elizabeth Valdez; Pendergast, Carol Stamatis (2000). Memory and the Medieval Tomb. Ashgate.
• Hourihane, Colum, ed. (2012). "Carrion de la Condes". The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
• Lay, Stephen (2009). The Reconquest Kings of Portugal. Political and Cultural Reorientation on the Medieval Frontier. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-35786-4.
• Linehan, Peter (2011). Spain:A Partible Inheritance 1157-1300. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Mattoso, José (2007). D. Afonso Henriques (2nd ed.). Temas e Debates. ISBN 9789727599110.
• O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1975). A History of Medieval Spain. Cornell University Press.
• Shadis, Miriam; Berman, Constance Hoffman (2002). "A Taste of the Feast: Reconsidering Eleanor of Aquitaine's Female Descendents". In Wheeler, B.; Parsons, John C. (eds.). Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Van-Houts, Elisabeth (2013). Medieval Memories: Men, Women and the Past, 700-1300. Pearson Education Limited.

Further reading

• Szabolcs de Vajay, "From Alfonso VIII to Alfonso X" in Studies in Genealogy and Family History in Tribute to Charles Evans on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday, 1989, pp. 366–417.