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Список школ, финансируемых из Англии и Уэльса (19 век)

Это список некоторых школ с пожертвованиями в Англии и Уэльсе, существовавших в начале 19 века . Он основан на обзоре "Школ с пожертвованиями" антиквара Николаса Карлайла , опубликованном в 1818 году [1] с описаниями 475 школ [2], но комментарии также ссылаются на работу Комиссии по школам с пожертвованиями полвека спустя. Большинство английских и валлийских школ с пожертвованиями в то время описывались как школы грамматики , но к восемнадцатому веку их было три группы: старые престижные школы, ставшие известными как "государственные школы" ; школы в промышленных городах, которые в некоторой степени вносили новшества в учебный план; и более традиционные школы грамматики в рыночных городах и сельской местности. [3]

Средневековая грамматическая школа была той, в которой преподавали латынь , и это оставалось важным предметом во всех школах, которые в целом следовали традициям Оксфорда и Кембриджа , из которых вышли почти все их выпускники -руководители . Некоторые из школ, перечисленных Карлайлом, долгое время были платными государственными школами , хотя в большинстве случаев (как в Итоне и Винчестере ) сохраняли некоторые положения для обучения « ученых », которые платили сниженную плату или вообще не платили.

Целевой фонд для образовательных целей имел изначальное предназначение, часто подразумеваемое основателем или основателями как юридически обязывающее, но цели таких фондов не всегда полностью соблюдались теми, кто контролировал школы. Карлайл составил свой список с помощью анкеты, на которую не всегда были даны ответы. Отчет Комиссии был построен на его исследовании, хотя и не принимал все его утверждения о преемственности определенных школ от монастырских и церковных фондов, что повлияло на датировку школ. Хронологический список в отчете содержит многочисленные дополнительные подробности о фондах.

В названиях грамматических школ этого периода мало последовательности. Многие назывались «свободными школами». Карлайл использовал некоторые неортодоксальные написания и перечислил Хэмпшир под его альтернативным историческим названием Саутгемптоншир .

Бедфордшир

Беркшир

Информацию об Итонском колледже см. в Бакингемшире.

Бакингемшир

Кембриджшир

Чешир

Корнуолл

Камберленд

Дербишир

Девон

Дорсет

Дарем

Эссекс

Глостершир

Гэмпшир

Для Хэмпшира см. графство Саутгемптон.

Херефордшир

Хартфордшир

Хантингдоншир

Кент

Ланкашир

Лестершир

Линкольншир

Лондон

Миддлсекс

Монмутшир

Норфолк

Нортгемптоншир

Нортумберленд

Ноттингемшир

Оксфордшир

Ратленд

Шропшир

Сомерсет

Округ Саутгемптон

Карлайл называл Хэмпшир Саутгемптоном.

Стаффордшир

Саффолк

Surrey

Sussex

Warwickshire

Westmorland

Wiltshire

Worcestershire

Yorkshire

North Wales

South Wales

Monmouthshire is listed separately.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ translation: "[we] have in mind that the college now founded will endure for centuries"
  2. ^ sometimes written as Danvers in modern times, but not in the text. Danvers was associated with Devonshire and Derbyshire.
  3. ^ bequeathed means he left the property in his will; "so bequeathed it" means he left the land to St Bees Grammar School
  4. ^ There were a number of Latin grammars published by various teachers through Oxford and Cambridge Universities. Some were more popular than others.
  5. ^ These were Long Burgh, Moorhouse and Burgh-by-Sands. A distinction was made between the deserving poor and the non-deserving, who received alms for begging.
  6. ^ old English pounds
  7. ^ the grammar school at Wolsingham, if it existed, was not recorded in Carlisle's Concise Description of 1818.
  8. ^ Otium literally means "hatred"[citation needed] Otium is Latin for leisure, idleness etc, but Play Days were interpreted as a sin and could be propitiated by work. Accordingly institutions encouraged variously hard work and fasting before Feast Days, Festivals and leave from school.
  9. ^ an apputenance to the Royal Demesne. The King was the Tenant-in-Chief meaning he had total feudal authority over his personal demesne.
  10. ^ Radley College maintains a tradition of black gowns to this day.
  11. ^ Most early grammar schools used either Eton grammars to study both Greek and Latin. Other school systems were used including Westminster grammar, published by Westminster School in the vicinity of parliament, in London. Ward's grammar and Valpy grammar were also used by less well-endowed local free or grammar schools.
  12. ^ gratis - full citation "summa non gratis" meant for amount not free. ie. fees to be paid.
  13. ^ originally in Latin Scholares, they became after the Reformation, known as Scholastici emphasizing the move away from monastic boys in cells, towards the dynamics of studying. The 40 are named in Wheeler (1987), p.21.
  14. ^ according to Leach pp.14-5, the puritans burnt the original records of the Trinity Guild in Elizabethan times. Modern interpretation puts the date a year later.
  15. ^ Chantry schools were founded in the Chapel in Edward III's day, but although dissolved, had nothing to do with the grammar schools had noting to do with the grammar schools. F.V.Follet, A History of the Worcester Royal Grammar School (1951), pp.14-5. For a summary A.R. Wheeler, Royal Grammar School, Worcester (1990), p.13
  16. ^ Pro is Latin, meaning "on behalf of"; "in his absence".
  17. ^ early 16th century Halgate's name was post-medieval etymology, but by Elizabethan period the surname had evolved into a modern form of Holgate
  18. ^ During the Counter-reformation an appeal could be made to parliament against a decision, by customary law this was achieved on petition. The reprieve refers to the fact that the vast majority of religious houses were dissolved and broken up during the 1530s and 1540s. A reprieve to allow an institution to continue was relatively unusual. The Act of Supremacy 1534 gave the King ultimate power over the Church in England and Wales. However Parliament could make an amendment to an act on certain specified institutions.
  19. ^ translation: In 1818, for real value of £160

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Библиография

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