List of Germanic deities

In Germanic paganism, the indigenous religion of the ancient Germanic peoples who inhabit Germanic Europe, there were a number of different gods and goddesses. Germanic deities are attested from numerous sources, including works of literature, various chronicles, runic inscriptions, personal names, place names, and other sources. This article contains a comprehensive list of Germanic deities outside the numerous Germanic Matres and Matronae inscriptions from the 1st to 5th century CE.

Gods

Goddesses

Pseudo-deities and purported deities

Astrild, a synonym for the Roman deity Amor or Cupid invented and used by Nordic Baroque and Rococo authors
Ercol, a synonym for the Roman deity Hercules used in King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Boethius de Consolatione Philosophiae
Frau Berchta, a purported deity and female equivalent of Berchtold proposed by Jacob Grimm
Biel [de], a purported deity potentially stemming from a folk etymology^[61]
Holda, a purported deity proposed by Jacob Grimm
Jecha, a purported deity potentially stemming from a folk etymology^[61]
Jofur, a synonym for the Roman deity Jupiter invented and used by Nordic Baroque and Rococo authors
Lahra, a purported deity potentially stemming from a folk etymology^[61]
Reto [de], a purported deity potentially stemming from a folk etymology^[61]
Stuffo, a purported deity potentially stemming from a folk etymology

Related deities

Notes

^ a b Simek (2007:26).
^ Simek (2007:43).
^ Bellows (1936:75).
^ Orchard (1997:32).
^ Orchard (1997:46).
^ Orchard (1997:47).
^ Orchard (1997:78).
^ Orchard (1997:83).
^ Orchard (1997:88).
^ Simek (2007:210).
^ Orchard (1997:123).
^ Orchard (1997:121).
^ Simek (2007:322).
^ Simek (2007:337).
^ Lindow (2001:301).
^ Orchard (1997:174—175).
^ Orchard (1997:173).
^ Simek (2007:363).
^ Lindow (2001:78).
^ August Fick, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen Part 3 Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit, 4th ed. rev. Alf Torp, Hjalmar Falk, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1909, OCLC 491891019, "dîsî, dîsi," p. 206 Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Lindow (2001:105).
^ Orchard (1997:36).
^ Barnhart (1995:229).
^ Lindow (2001:126)
^ Lindow (2001:129).
^ Orchard (1997:49).
^ North (1997:71).
^ Simek (2007:106).
^ Orchard (1997:54).
^ Lindow (2001:147).
^ a b De Vries, Jan (20 April 2011). Die Götter – Vorstellungen über den Kosmos – Der Untergang des Heidentums (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 320. doi:10.1515/9783110855197. ISBN 978-3-11-085519-7.
^ Simek (2007:131).
^ a b Lindow (2001:177).
^ Hopkins, J.S., 2016–17. Goddesses Unknown III: On the Identity of the Old Norse Goddess Hlín. RMN Newsletter, 12–13, 30–36.
^ Simek (2007:159).
^ Grimm (1888:1374).
^ Hopkins, J.S., 2014. Goddesses Unknown II: On the Apparent Old Norse Goddess Ilmr. RMN Newsletter, 8, pp.32-38.
^ Lindow (2001:199).
^ Simek (2007:176).
^ Lindow (2001:213).
^ Simek (2007:227).
^ Lindow (2001:237–238)
^ Finnur Jónsson (1913:110) suggests a Njörðr connection, Magnússon (1989:671) suggests Njörðr and Nerio.
^ Hopkins, J.S., 2012. Goddesses Unknown I: Njǫrun and the Sister-Wife of Njǫrðr. The Retrospective Methods Network Newsletter, 5 (December 2012), 39-44.
^ Simek (2007:260).
^ Simek (2007:266).
^ Lindow (2001:265).
^ Nordisk Familjebok (1916:665).
^ Lindow (2001:266).
^ Orchard (1997:146).
^ Lindow (2001:268).
^ Simek (2007:287).
^ Simek (2007:296).
^ Orchard (1997:152).
^ Orchard (1997:157).
^ Orchard (1997:165).
^ Simek (2007:326–327).
^ Simek (2007:353).
^ Schonfeld, M. (Moritz) (1911). Wörterbuch der altgermanischen personen-und völkernamen; nach der überlieferung des klassischen altertums. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Library. Heidelberg, C. Winter.
^ Simek (2007:368).
^ a b c d Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Band 2. Leipzig 1905, S. 832.

References

Bellows, Henry Adams (Trans.) (1936). The Poetic Edda. Princeton University Press.
Barnhart, Robert K (1995). The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology. HarperCollins ISBN 0-06-270084-7
Grimm, Jacob (James Steven Stallybrass Trans.) (1888). Teutonic Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass. Volume IV. London: George Bell and Sons.
Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515382-0
Nordisk Familjebok (1916). Available online: [1]
North, Richard (1997). Heathen Gods in Old English Literature. Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-55183-8
Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2
Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer. ISBN 0-85991-513-1