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Christian cross variants

Christian cross variants
7th-century Byzantine solidus, showing Leontius holding a globus cruciger, with a stepped cross on the obverse side
Double-barred cross symbol as used in a 9th-century Byzantine seal
Greek cross (Church of Saint Sava) and Latin cross (St. Paul's cathedral) in church floorplans

The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus (Latin for "body").

The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have been developed during the medieval period.

Christian crosses are used widely in churches, on top of church buildings, on bibles, in heraldry, in personal jewelry, on hilltops, and elsewhere as an attestation or other symbol of Christianity. Crosses are a prominent feature of Christian cemeteries, either carved on gravestones or as sculpted stelae. Because of this, planting small crosses is sometimes used in countries of Christian culture to mark the site of fatal accidents, or, such as the Zugspitze or Mount Royal, so as to be visible over the entire surrounding area.Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran depictions of the cross are often crucifixes, in order to emphasize that it is Jesus that is important, rather than the cross in isolation. Large crucifixes are a prominent feature of some Lutheran churches, e.g. as a rood. However, some other Protestant traditions depict the cross without the corpus, interpreting this form as an indication of belief in the resurrection rather than as representing the interval between the death and the resurrection of Jesus.

Several Christian cross variants are available in computer-displayed text. A Latin cross ("†") is included in the extended ASCII character set,[1] and several variants have been added to Unicode, starting with the Latin cross in version 1.1.[2] For others, see Religious and political symbols in Unicode.

List of variants

Basic forms

Basic variants, or early variants widespread since antiquity. A total number of 15 variants.

Saint's crosses

Denominational or regional variants

Non denominational symbols

Modern innovations

Types of artifacts

Use with computers

For use in documents made using a computer, there are unicode code-points for these crosses. (Some systems display these symbols in colour or with a background colour: this is a default font setting and may be changed by choosing a different font.)

There are code points for other crosses in the block Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs (mainly variants of the Greek cross) but their usage may be limited by availability of a computer font that can display them.

See also

References

  1. ^ "ASCII Code—The extended ASCII table". ASCII-Code.com. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Unicode Character "✝" (U+271D)". Compart.com. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  3. ^ Hutado, Larry (2006). "The staurogram in early Christian manuscripts: the earliest visual reference to the crucified Jesus?". In Kraus, Thomas (ed.). New Testament Manuscripts. Leiden: Brill. pp. 207–26. hdl:1842/1204. ISBN 978-90-04-14945-8.
  4. ^ Treasures of Britain and Treasures of Ireland (1976 ed.). Drive Publications Limited. p. 678.
  5. ^ Herren, Michael W.; Brown, Shirley Ann (2002). Christ in Celtic Christianity: Britain and Ireland from the Fifth to the Tenth Century. Boydell Press. pp. 192–200. ISBN 0851158897.
  6. ^ "NSC NETWORK—Analogical review on Saint Thomas Cross—The symbol of Nasranis—Interpretation of the Inscriptions". Nasrani.net. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  7. ^ "Insignia and Cross". The Grand Priory of America.
  8. ^ Rudolf Koch, Christliche Symbole (1932)
  9. ^ Boxer, C.R. (1951). The Christian Century in Japan: 1549–1650. University of California Press. p. vi.
  10. ^ "accessed on 2012-04-21". Archived from the original on 28 December 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  11. ^ Ordnance Survey map legend, accessed 13 May 2016
  12. ^ "General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 117" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2011.