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Markarian 231

Markarian 231 (UGC 8058) is a Type-1 Seyfert galaxy that was discovered in 1969 as part of a search of galaxies with strong ultraviolet radiation. It contains the nearest known quasar. Markarian 231 is located about 581 million light years away from Earth, in the constellation of Ursa Major.

Characteristics

The Markarian 231 galaxy is undergoing an energetic starburst. A nuclear ring of active star formation has been found in the center with a rate of formation greater than 100 solar masses per year. It is one of the most ultraluminous infrared galaxies with power derived from an accreting black hole in the center and the closest known quasar.

A study in 2015 suggested that the central black hole, estimated to be 150 million times the mass of the Sun, may have a black hole companion weighing in at 4 million solar masses, and that the duo completed an orbit around each other every 1.2 years.[4] However, that model has subsequently been shown to be unfeasible.[5]

Another study has found evidence for the presence of molecular oxygen (O2) by using submillimetre astronomy, the first time molecular oxygen had been detected outside of the Milky Way galaxy.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b "Markarian 231". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  3. ^ Véron-Cetty, M.-P.; Véron, P. (2010). "A catalogue of quasars and active nuclei". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 518 (13th ed.): A10. Bibcode:2010A&A...518A..10V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014188.
  4. ^ "HubbleSite - NewsCenter - Hubble Finds That the Nearest Quasar Is Powered by a Double Black Hole (08/27/2015) - The Full Story". hubblesite.org. Retrieved 2015-08-27.
  5. ^ Leighly, Karen M.; Terndrup, Donald M.; Gallagher, Sarah C.; Lucy, Adrian B. (2016). "The Binary Black Hole Model for Mrk 231 Bites the Dust". The Astrophysical Journal. 829 (1): 4. arXiv:1604.03456. Bibcode:2016ApJ...829....4L. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/829/1/4. S2CID 118365669.
  6. ^ Wang, Junzhi; Li, Di; Goldsmith, Paul F.; Zhang, Zhi-Yu; Gao, Yu; Shi, Yong; Li, Shanghuo; Fang, Min; Li, Juan; Zhang, Jiangshui (30 January 2020). "Molecular Oxygen in the Nearest QSO Mrk 231". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 129. arXiv:2001.11675. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889..129W. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab612d. S2CID 211003952.

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