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Список мер, выносимых на голосование в штате Орегон

Список законопроектов, принятых в Орегоне, содержит все законопроекты, принятые на голосование по всему штату на сегодняшний день.

В Орегоне процесс инициативы и референдума восходит к 1902 году, когда усилия Лиги прямого законодательства привели к внесению поправок в Конституцию Орегона впервые с 1859 года. Процесс инициативы и референдума стал общенационально известен как Система Орегона . [1] [2]

Типы

Существует три типа мер, выносимых на голосование : инициативы, референдумы и направления. Инициативы и референдумы могут быть включены в избирательный бюллетень, если их сторонники соберут достаточно подписей избирателей Орегона; количество подписей представляет собой процент, основанный на количестве избирателей, проголосовавших на последних выборах губернатора Орегона .

Инициатива
Любой вопрос может быть вынесен на голосование, будь то внесение поправок в Конституцию или пересмотр или дополнение к Пересмотренным законам штата Орегон . Конституционные инициативы требуют подписей восьми процентов недавних избирателей для получения права на голосование; законодательные реформы требуют шести процентов.
Референдум
Общественность может отменить любой законопроект, принятый Законодательным собранием штата Орегон , вынеся референдум на голосование. Для референдума требуется четыре процента недавних избирателей, чтобы иметь право на голосование.
Законодательное направление
Законодательное собрание может направить любой законопроект, который оно принимает, на одобрение общественности, и оно должно сделать это для любой поправки к Конституции. Кроме того, Законодательное собрание может направить поправки к Конституции; поправка отличается от поправки тем, что она может изменить несколько существующих положений Конституции.

Конституционную основу для мер голосования (и законодательства, разработанного Законодательным собранием штата Орегон ) можно найти в статье IV Конституции штата Орегон [3] и в главе 250 Пересмотренных законов штата Орегон [4] , которые также касаются инициативы и референдума.

Синяя книга Орегона , изданная правительством штата Орегон, содержит список, аналогичный этому. [5]

1900-е годы

1902

1904

1906

1908

1910-е годы

1912

1913

1914

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920-е годы

1921

1922

1923

1924

1926

1927

1928

1930-е годы

1932

1933

1934

1934

1936

1938

1940-е годы

1942

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1950-е годы

1952

1954

1956

1958

1960-е

1962

1963

1964

1966

1968

1969

1970-е

1972

1973

1974

1976

1977

1978

1980-е

1982

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

17 мая 1988 г., предварительные выборы

8 ноября 1988 г., всеобщие выборы [21]

1989

16 мая Специальные выборы

27 июня Специальные выборы

1990-е

1990

Может

ноябрь

1992

Может

ноябрь

1993

Июнь

ноябрь

1994

Может

ноябрь

Примечание: Подробную информацию о выборах с 1995 года по настоящее время, включая текст законопроекта, спонсорство и аргументы за и против, можно найти на веб-сайте секретаря штата Орегон . [26]

1995

Может

1996

Может

ноябрь

5 ноября всеобщие выборы

1997

Может

ноябрь

1998

Может

ноябрь

1999

ноябрь

2000-е

2000

Может

ноябрь

2002

Может

Сентябрь

ноябрь

Всеобщие выборы : Подробная информация о мерах 14–18 и 21–27 [67] и официальных результатах выборов [68] доступна на веб-сайте Государственного секретаря.

2003

январь

Сентябрь

2004

февраль

ноябрь

На осенних выборах Мера 36 (запрещающая однополые браки) доминировала в общественном внимании: за Меру 36 было подано на 81 667 голосов (или на 4,7%) больше, чем в среднем за все остальные меры в бюллетене. Мера 37 (ограничение регулирования землепользования) была спорной до выборов и стала еще более спорной после них, когда государственные и местные органы власти попытались ее реализовать.

Две другие меры были приняты в 2004 году, обе были направлены Законодательным собранием на всеобщие выборы, и ни одна из них не вызвала возражений в Памфлете избирателей. Мера 31 позволяла откладывать некоторые выборы в случае смерти кандидата, а мера 32 изменила способ обработки доходов от налогов на мобильные дома. [77]

2006

In 2006, voters considered 11 statewide ballot measures. All were placed on the ballot by initiative.

Nearly all the measures were defeated. Measures extending prescription drug pricing benefits (Measure 44) and restricting the government's power of eminent domain (39) were the only ones that passed without qualification; a campaign finance reform system (47) passed as well, but a companion measure (46) that would have provided necessary constitutional support for it failed.[81]

Out-of-state interests spent millions of dollars supporting—and in one significant case, opposing—Oregon ballot measures. None of these big-money measures passed; in fact, Measures 39 and 44 passed without drawing any organized opposition.[82]

Unsuccessful measures

Measures 41 and 48 aimed to restrict the amount of money the State government could raise and spend, respectively. They were both mostly funded by the Taxpayers Association of Oregon, which in turn received nearly all its funding from Illinois-based Americans for Limited Government. Opposition to these two measures was paired as well, spending $1.9 million to defeat the two measures.[82]

Measure 42 was promoted by conservative ballot measure activist Bill Sizemore. Sizemore broke with his custom by promoting a consumer-oriented bill, which would have outlawed the use of credit data in determining insurance premiums. Opponents of the measure spent over $3.7 million (nearly all of which came from out of state), defeating the measure. Their advertising focused heavily on Sizemore's credibility. Sizemore did not run an active campaign promoting the measure. He and his longtime political ally Loren Parks were the only people to submit arguments in favor for the Voters' Guide.[83]

Measure 45, almost entirely financed by $1.2 million from Illinois-based U.S. Term Limits, would have established strict term limits in the Oregon Legislative Assembly. Term limits had previously been in place in the late 1990s, but the prior law was declared unconstitutional by the Oregon Supreme Court. The measure failed.

Measures 46 and 47 were presented as a single package; 46 would have amended the Constitution to allow limitations on campaign financing (heavily favoring popular vote, and requiring a 75% vote for such changes in the Legislature); and 47 detailed specific limitations. Measure 47 passed, but in the absence of the kind of Constitutional support Measure 46 would have provided, it will have No effect. The campaigns both for and against this package were funded almost entirely from Oregon sources.

Measure 40 sought to require that judges of the Oregon Supreme Court be elected by district, rather than statewide.

Measure 43 sought to require parental notification in the event of certain teenage abortions. (Two measures restricting abortion were also rejected in the 1990 general election.)

Successful measures

Measure 39, described by its proponents as a natural extension of 2004's Measure 37, restricted the governments powers of eminent domain. Measure 44 extended a state prescription drug benefit, previously only available to seniors, to cover all uninsured Oregonians.

2007

In 2007, voters considered 2 statewide ballot measures.

2008

May

Three measures (51, 52, and 53), all legislative referrals and all constitutional amendments, were on the May 2008 primary ballot. All three passed; the first two by wide margins, and Measure 53 by a margin so narrow that it triggered an automatic recount.[88]

November

In November 2008, voters considered eight initiatives and four legislative referrals.[93] The four referrals all passed, and the initiatives all failed.

2010s

2010

January

May

November

2012

November

2014

November

2016

November

2018

January

November

2020s

2020

2022

See also

References

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  2. ^ "Initiative, Referendum and Recall Introduction". Oregon Blue Book. Salem, Oregon: Oregon Secretary of State. 2006. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
  3. ^ Article IV of the Oregon Constitution, from the Oregon Blue Book.
  4. ^ Chapter 250 — Initiative and Referendum, Oregon Revised Statutes
  5. ^ Oregon Election History: Initiative, Referendum, and Recall. Oregon Blue Book (2006)
  6. ^ a b c "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1902-1906". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg Initiative, Legislative referral, or REFerendum
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  47. ^ November 2, 1999 Special Election results
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  67. ^ 2002 General Election Voters' Pamphlet
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  74. ^ September 2003 Special Election results
  75. ^ Online Voters' Guide: Measure 30
  76. ^ 2004 Special Election results
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  78. ^ 2004 Online Voters' Guide
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  85. ^ a b 2006 Election Results
  86. ^ Measure 47 will have No effect until/unless the Oregon Constitution is amended to allow such limitations, as Measure 46 would have done.
  87. ^ 2007 Online Voters' Guide
  88. ^ a b Official Results – May 20, 2008 Primary Election from the Oregon Secretary of State Elections Division
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  93. ^ August 1, 2008 News Release - Assignment of Measure Numbers for 2008 General Election from the Oregon Secretary of State Elections Division
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  98. ^ Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Primary Election
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  111. ^ Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election
  112. ^ November 6, 2012 General Election results
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  120. ^ Brown, Kate (November 6, 2012). "Measure 84" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
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  124. ^ "Oregon Measure 111, Right to Healthcare Amendment (2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  125. ^ "Oregon Measure 112, Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  126. ^ "Oregon Measure 113, Exclusion from Re-election for Legislative Absenteeism Initiative (2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  127. ^ "Oregon Measure 114, Changes to Firearm Ownership and Purchase Requirements Initiative (2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 10, 2024.

External links