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Kundal Shahi language

Kundal Shahi (کنڈل شاہی, Kunḍal Šāhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 700 people in the Kundal Shahi village of Neelam Valley in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.[2] It is an endangered language and its speakers are shifting to Hindko.[3]

Phonology

The following tables set out the phonology of Kundal Shahi.[4]

Vowels

Kundal Shahi is unusual amongst Dardic languages in that it has front rounded vowels.[5]

Consonants

Like Kashmiri, Kundal Shahi is unusual amongst Dardic languages in that it lacks retroflex fricatives and affricates.[5]

Tone

Kundal Shahi, like many Dardic languages, has either phonemic tone or, as in Kundal Shahi, pitch accent.[6] Words may have only one accented mora, which is associated with high pitch; the remaining mora have a default or low pitch.[5]

Endangered

Kundal Shahi is severely endangered with less than 500 speakers, most of whom are over the age of 40.[7]

References

  1. ^ Kundal Shahi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Kundal Shahi". Ethnologue.
  3. ^ A. Rehman, Khawaja; L. G. Baart, Joan (2005). "A First Look at the Language of Kundal Shahi in Azad Kashmir" (PDF). SIL International.
  4. ^ Baart & Rehman 2005, pp. 10–13.
  5. ^ a b c Baart & Rehman 2005.
  6. ^ Baart 2003, pp. 3, 6.
  7. ^ "A first look at the language of Kundal Shahi in Azad Kashmir". 28 January 2013.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links