The list of sovereign debt crises involves the inability of independent countries to meet its liabilities as they become due. These include:
Debts could be owed either to private parties within a country, to foreign investors, or to other countries.
The following table includes actual sovereign defaults and debt restructuring of independent countries since 1557.[1]
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Oceania
See also
References
- ^ Reinhart, Carmen M.; Rogoff, Kenneth S. (2009). This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press. pp. 23, 87, 91, 95, 96. ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Reinhart, Carmen M.; Rogoff, Kenneth S. (2011). "The Forgotten History of Domestic Debt" (PDF). Economic Journal. 121 (552): 319–350 [pp. 343ff]. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02426.x. JSTOR 41236982. S2CID 154398807.
- ^ Akorlie, Christian; Inveen, Cooper (20 December 2022). "Ghana to default on most external debt as economic crisis worsens". Reuters. Reuters.
- ^ MZ Bechri. "The Political Economy of Development Policy in Tunisia" (PDF). The University of Tunisia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
- ^ "Zambia to default on foreign debt, finance minister says". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ^ Arndt1, H. W; Panglaykim, J (1966). "Indonesian economic problems in 1966" (PDF). Intereconomics. 01 (9): 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-20 – via EconStor.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Azhari, Timour. "Lebanon will default on its debt for the first time ever". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
- ^ Marcus, Noland (2000). Avoiding the Apocalypse: The Future of the Two Koreas. p. 95.
- ^ "Sri Lanka Announces Defaulting On All Its External Debt". NDTV.
- ^ "Sri Lanka economic crisis live updates: Sri Lanka defaults on entire $51 billion external debt". Times of India. 20 July 2022.
- ^ a b Kann, Robert A. (1980). A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918. Campus of the University of California: University of California Press (published November 26, 1980). p. 241. ISBN 0520042069.
- ^ Duncan, Mike (7 September 2014). "3.8 The Day of the Tiles". Revolutions (Podcast). Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ Duncan, Mike (16 August 2015). "3.47 The Directorial Terror". Revolutions (Podcast). Retrieved 16 May 2022.
- ^ Zettelmeyer, Jeromin; Trebesch, Christoph; Gulati, Mitu (July 2013). The Greek Debt Restructuring - An Autopsy.
- ^ "IMF: Greece makes overdue payments, no longer in default". eKathimerini. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ "IMF: Greece makes overdue payments, no longer in default". EUBusiness. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ Kim Oosterlinck. Hope Springs Eternal: French Bondholders and the Repudiation of Russian Sovereign debt Yale University Press. 2016
- ^ Силуанов: Запад заморозил примерно половину золотовалютных резервов России. Business Gazetta (in Russian). 2022-03-13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Fernández-Renau Atienza, Daniel; Howden, David (21 January 2016), Three Centuries of Boom-Bust in Spain, Mises Institute
- ^ "Barbados announced a technical default on coupon of Eurobonds with maturity in 2035". www.cbonds.com. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
- ^ Chamberlain, John S. (2011-07-14). "A Short History of US Credit Defaults". Mises Institute. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
- ^ Kratz, Jessie (2015-05-31). "The Compromise of 1790". Pieces of History. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
- ^ Edwards, Sebastian (2018). American Default.
- ^ a b c d e Boggiano, Miguel Ángel. "Historia del Default en Argentina". Carta Financiera. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
- ^ Russo, Camila (2014-07-31). "Argentina Declared in Default by S&P as Talks Fail". Bloomberg.
- ^ D&Apos, Andres (2014-07-31). "Argentina defaults on international debt, blames U.S". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Argentina strikes deal with major creditors to restructure $65 billion in debt". CNN. 2020-08-04.
- ^ Vizcaino, Maria (2 August 2021). "Ecuador Defaulted Last Year. Now Its Bonds Are World's Bes". Bloomberg.
- ^ Rapoza, Kenneth (Apr 21, 2020). "The Pandemic Blues: Ecuador Second Latin American Nation To Default In 4 Weeks". Forbes.
- ^ Prado, Mario L. F. (2022), O Processo de Recuperação Econômica do Paraguai após a Guerra da Tríplice Aliança (1870-1890), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, p. 86
- ^ Ashwell, Washington (1989). Historia Económica del Paraguay. p. 357-382.
- ^ "Venezuela Defaults, What Now?". Forbes. 2017-11-14.
Further reading