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Памятные монеты достоинством 2 евро

Памятные монеты достоинством 2 евро

Памятные монеты номиналом 2 евро — это специальные евромонеты , которые чеканятся и выпускаются государствами-членами еврозоны с 2004 года в качестве законного платежного средства во всех государствах-членах еврозоны.

Монеты достоинством €2 являются единственным номиналом, предназначенным для обращения, который может быть выпущен в качестве памятных монет. Отличаются только национальные аверсы памятных монет; общие реверсы не отличаются. Монеты обычно отмечают годовщины исторических событий или текущие события особой важности.

С 2012 года количество памятных монет ограничено двумя на страну в год; ранее разрешалось выпускать только одну. Выпуски общих памятных монет или вакантного главы государства не учитываются в лимите. Общее количество памятных монет, выпускаемых в обращение в год, также ограничено. Памятные монеты должны соответствовать стандартам дизайна, предусмотренным для обычных монет достоинством 2 евро, с ограничениями по дизайну для гарантии единообразия.

До конца 2023 года было выпущено 513 разновидностей памятных монет достоинством €2. Финляндия , Италия , Люксембург , Сан-Марино и Ватикан — единственные страны, которые выпускали хотя бы одну памятную монету каждый год с 2004 года.

Хотя памятные монеты достоинством 2 евро и стали предметом коллекционирования , они отличаются от памятных евромонет нестандартного номинала , которые официально обозначены как «коллекционные монеты», не предназначены для обращения и обычно изготавливаются из драгоценных металлов. [1]

Цветная карта* стран еврозоны по количеству выпущенных памятных монет достоинством 2 евро *Состояние 25 сентября 2024 г.
  Выпущено 37–40 монет
  Выпущено от 33 до 36 монет
  Выпущено от 29 до 32 монет
  Выпущено 25–28 монет
  Выпущено от 21 до 24 монет
  Выпущено 17–20 монет
  Выпущено 13–16 монет
  Выпущено от 9 до 12 монет
  Выпущено от 5 до 8 монет
  Выпущено от 1 до 4 монет
  не является частью еврозоны

Правила и ограничения

Памятные монеты должны иметь национальный дизайн, отличный от дизайна обычных монет, и должны увековечивать только темы, имеющие важное национальное или европейское значение. Памятные монеты, выпущенные совместно всеми государствами-членами, валютой которых является евро, должны увековечивать только темы, имеющие наибольшее европейское значение, и их дизайн не должен наносить ущерба возможным конституционным требованиям этих государств-членов. Монета в 2 евро является наиболее подходящим номиналом для этой цели, в основном из-за большого диаметра монеты и ее технических характеристик, которые обеспечивают адекватную защиту от подделок.

Основой для монет евро послужила Европейская рекомендация от 2003 года, которая разрешала менять аверсы национальных монет евро с 1 января 2004 года. [2]

В отношении них действует ряд ограничений: [3] [4] [1]

Общее количество таких монет, выпускаемых в обращение в год, не должно превышать большего из следующих двух чисел: [5]

С 2005 года рекомендации по дизайну национальных сторон всех монет были изменены, что также повлияло на дизайн памятных монет €2 последующих лет. Для получения дополнительной информации см. евромонеты . [ где? ]

Разные государства должны информировать друг друга о новых проектах дизайна (как «обычных» монет, так и памятных монет в 2 евро), а также Европейский совет и Европейскую комиссию, которые должны дать свое одобрение. Одним из последствий вышеизложенного стал случай с памятной монетой в 2 евро, которую Бельгия планировала выпустить в 2015 году к 200-летию битвы при Ватерлоо , что вызвало жалобы со стороны Франции и отказ Бельгии от выпуска такой монеты. Однако Бельгия выпустила коллекционную монету в 2,50 евро, воспользовавшись тем фактом, что эти монеты не были представлены в предварительном порядке для их проектов дизайна.

В 2007 году был внесен ряд поправок в голландский закон, требующий, чтобы на всех монетах, выпускаемых Нидерландами, были изображены портрет действующего главы государства Нидерландов и слова NAME (Koning/Koningin) der Nederlanden (например, в настоящее время — Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden ), чтобы Нидерланды могли принять участие в программе выпуска единой памятной монеты достоинством 2 евро «50-я годовщина Римского договора», выпускаемой всеми государствами-членами еврозоны. Поправка полностью отменила требование о выпуске памятных монет достоинством 2 евро.

Проблемы

20 членов еврозоны и четыре микрогосударства ( Андорра , Монако , Сан-Марино и Ватикан ) самостоятельно выпустили памятные монеты достоинством 2 евро, причем Греция стала первой страной, сделавшей это.

Четыре микрогосударства, которые также используют евро в силу официального соглашения с Европейским союзом, не выпускают общие памятные монеты достоинством 2 евро, выпускаемые всеми остальными членами еврозоны в ознаменование событий общеевропейского значения, поскольку они не являются государствами-членами Европейского союза.

Все государства-члены еврозоны также выпустили пять общих памятных монет достоинством 2 евро:

Три совместных вопроса:

Одиннадцать серий монет с определенной темой:

Выпущенные проекты публикуются в Официальном журнале Европейского Союза . [6]

чеканка 2004 года

чеканка 2005 года

чеканка 2006 года

чеканка 2007 года

монета 2007 года выпуска

чеканка 2008 года

чеканка 2009 года

монета 2009 года выпуска

чеканка 2010 года

чеканка 2011 года

чеканка 2012 года

монета 2012 года выпуска

чеканка 2013 года

чеканка 2014 года

чеканка 2015 года

монета 2015 года выпуска

чеканка 2016 года

чеканка 2017 года

2018 coinage

2019 coinage

2020 coinage

2021 coinage

2022 coinage

2022 commonly issued coin

2023 coinage

2024 coinage

2025 coinage

References

 This article incorporates text by Official Journal of the European Union available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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