Luxembourg (French: Luxembourg [lyksɑ̃buʁ] ; Dutch: Luxemburg [ˈlyksəmˌbʏr(ə)x] ; German: Luxemburg [ˈlʊksm̩bʊʁk] ; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg [ˈlətsəbuəɕ] ; Walloon: Lussimbork), also called Belgian Luxembourg or West Luxembourg,[5][6] is the southernmost province of Wallonia within Belgium. It borders the country of Luxembourg to the east, the French departments of Ardennes, Meuse and Meurthe-et-Moselle to the south and southwest, and the Walloon provinces of Namur and Liège to the north. Its capital and largest city is Arlon, in the south-east of the province, near the border of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
It has an area of 4,459 km2 (1,722 sq mi), making it the largest Belgian province. With around 285,000 residents, Luxembourg is also the least populated province, with a density of 64/km2 (170/sq mi), making it a relatively sparsely settled part of a very densely populated region, as well as the lowest density in Belgium. It is significantly larger (71%) than, but has less than half the population of, the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. About eighty percent of the province is part of the densely wooded Ardennes region. The southernmost region of the province is called Gaume or Belgian Lorraine (main city: Virton).
The Arelerland, the region around Arlon (coloured red on the map of arrondissements, below) bordering the neighbouring Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg has the particularity that many of its residents have historically spoken Luxembourgish, a German dialect alongside of Walloon spoken elsewhere in the province.
The province was separated from the grand-duchy by the Third Partition of Luxembourg, in 1830–31 by the Conference of London dealing with the consequences of the Belgian Revolution of 1830. In 1839, after William I, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, agreed to the terms of the partition and the province was given to the newly created Kingdom of Belgium.
An unofficial flag of the province exists, with the current colours of Luxembourg (red, white, and blue), as well as the province's coat of arms on the foreground.[citation needed]
Luxembourg province is divided into five administrative districts (French: arrondissements) containing a total of 44 municipalities (French: communes).
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was €7.0 billion in 2018, accounting for 1.5% of Belgium's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €21,800 or 72% of the EU27 average in the same year. Luxembourg was the province with the lowest GDP per capita.[7]
