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Eye neoplasm

An eye neoplasm is a tumor of the eye.[1] A rare type of tumor,[2] eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye, and can either be benign or malignant (cancerous), in which case it is known as eye cancer.[3] Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) or metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer.[2] Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow.

Types

Tumors in the eye and orbit can be benign like dermoid cysts, or malignant like rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma.

Malignant

The most common eyelid tumor is called basal cell carcinoma. This tumor can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Other types of common eyelid cancers include squamous carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The most common orbital malignancy is orbital lymphoma. This tumor can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Most patients with orbital lymphoma can be offered chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Adults

Children

Benign

Orbital dermoid cysts are benign choristomas which are typically found at the junction of sutures, most commonly at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Large deep orbital dermoid cysts can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision.

Signs and symptoms

Diagnosis

Classification

Choroidal tumors

Conjunctival tumors

Advanced conjunctival carcinoma protruding through the palpebral fissure.

Treatment

Ocular oncology

Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa.

Ocular oncology takes into consideration that the primary requirement for patients is preservation of life by removal of the tumor, along with best efforts directed at preservation of useful vision, followed by cosmetic appearance. The treatment of ocular tumors is generally a multi-specialty effort, requiring coordination between the ophthalmologist, medical oncologist, radiation specialist, head & neck surgeon/ENT surgeon, pediatrician/internal medicine/hospitalist and a multidisciplinary team of support staff and nurses.

References

  1. ^ "Neoplasm of the eye (Concept Id: C0015414) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
  2. ^ a b "Eye Neoplasm - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
  3. ^ "Malignant Eye Neoplasm (Concept Id: C0496836) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
  4. ^ Kim JW, Abramson DH, Dunkel IJ (2007). "Current management strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma". Drugs. 67 (15): 2173–2185. doi:10.2165/00003495-200767150-00005. PMID 17927283. S2CID 22376916.
  5. ^ "Choroidal Hemangioma - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  6. ^ "Choroidal Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  7. ^ "Choroidal Metastasis - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-09-29. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  8. ^ "Choroidal Nevus - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-10-09. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  9. ^ "Choroidal Osteoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-12-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  10. ^ "Ciliary Body Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  11. ^ "The Nevus of Ota - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  12. ^ "Conjunctival Kaposi's Sarcoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  13. ^ "Epibulbar Dermoid - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-03-02. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  14. ^ "General Information: Malignant Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  15. ^ "Lymphoma of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  16. ^ "Melanoma and PAM with Atypia - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  17. ^ "Pigmented Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  18. ^ "Pingueculum - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  19. ^ "Pterygium - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  20. ^ "Squamous Carcinoma and Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  21. ^ Boris Peter Selby, et al. (2007) Pose estimation of eyes for particle beam treatment of tumors. In: Medical Image Processing 2007. Algorithms - Systems - Applications; Springer Press Berlin, Heidelberg

Further reading

External links