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Napo River

The Napo River (Spanish: Río Napo) is a tributary to the Amazon River that rises in Ecuador on the flanks of the east Andean volcanoes of Antisana, Sincholagua and Cotopaxi.

The total length is 1,075 km (668 mi). The river drains an area of ca 103,000 km2. The mean annual discharge at Mazán 6,660 m3/s (235,000 cu ft/s).[7][6]

Geography

Village along the west bank of Napo River in Peru, a few miles above confluence with the Amazon. The land visible beyond the waterway is an island in the river.

Before it reaches the plains it receives a great number of small streams from impenetrable, saturated and much broken mountainous districts, where the dense and varied vegetation seems to fight for every piece of ground. From the north it is joined by the Coca River, having its sources in the gorges of Cayambe volcano on the equator, and also a powerful river, the Aguarico having its headwaters between Cayambe and the Colombia frontier. From the west, it receives a secondary tributary, the Curaray, from the Andean slopes, between Cotopaxi and the Tungurahua volcano. From its Coca branch to the mouth of the Curaray the Napo is full of snags and shelving sandbanks and throws out numerous canoes among jungle-tangled islands, which in the wet season are flooded, giving the river an immense width. From the Coca to the Amazon it runs through a forested plain where not a hill is visible from the river - its uniformly level banks being only interrupted by swamps and lagoons. From the Amazon the Napo is navigable for river craft up to its Curaray branch, a distance of about 216 mi (348 km), and perhaps a bit further; thence, by painful canoe navigation, its upper waters may be ascended as far as Santa Rosa, the usual point of embarkation for any venturesome traveller who descends from the Quito tableland. The Coca river may be penetrated as far up as its middle course, where it is jammed between two mountain walls, in a deep canyon, along which it dashes over high falls and numerous reefs. This is the stream made famous by the expedition of the Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Pizarro.

Hydrometric stations on the Napo River:

Discharge

Napo River at Bellavista average (Q), dominante (Qd) discharge (m3/s) and sediment load (S – million ton/year). Period from 1991/09–2009/08:

[6]

Napo River at Bellavista average, minimum and maximum discharge (m3/s). Period from 2009/09 to 2023/08:

[10][5]

Napo River at Bellavista average, maximum, minimum and multiannual average (normal) discharge (m3/s) and anomaly (%):

[11][12][13]

Tributaries

List of the major tributaries of the Napo River (from the mouth upwards):

*Period: 1971–2000[2]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e f "Amazon".
  3. ^ a b c Charles J., Vörösmarty; Berrien, Moore; Annette L., Grace; M. Patricia, Gildea (1989). CONTINENTAL SCALE MODELS OF WATER BALANCE AND FLUVIAL TRANSPORT: AN APPLICATIONS TO SOUTH AMERICA (PDF). Vol. 3. p. 241-265.
  4. ^ a b c d e "6_1-6_Linea Ambiental" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-07. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
  5. ^ a b c d "Reportes hidrológicos". Archived from the original on 2023-10-03. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  6. ^ a b c d e f ESTUDIO BINACIONAL DE NAVEGABILIDAD DEL RÍO NAPO (PDF). 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Christophoul, Frédéric (January 2009). "Sediment budget of the Napo River, Amazon basin, Ecuador and Peru". www.academia.edu Hydrological …, 2009.
  8. ^ "Hydro-SHEDS".
  9. ^ "SO-HYBAM".
  10. ^ "Senamhi". 7 September 2021. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  11. ^ "EVALUACIÓN HIDROLÓGICA DE LAS CUENCAS AMAZÓNICAS PERUANAS – OCTUBRE 2011". Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  12. ^ "EVALUACIÓN HIDROLÓGICA DE LAS CUENCAS AMAZÓNICAS PERUANAS – OCTUBRE 2012". Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  13. ^ "BOLETIN EXTRAORDINARIO DE LA EVALUACIÓN HIDROLÓGICA Y PLUVIOMÉTRICA EN LA CUENCA AMAZÓNICA PERUANA – AGOSTO 2013". Archived from the original on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
  14. ^ William, Santini (2019). An index concentration method for suspended load monitoring in large rivers of the Amazonian foreland. doi:10.5194/esurf-2018-93.
  15. ^ "Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)".
  16. ^ "Empresa de Electricidad del Perú S.A.-ELECTROPERU-Plataforma del Estado Peruano". 19 May 2023.
  17. ^ "HYBAM".
  18. ^ Julio Isaac, Montenegro Gambini (2015). Hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling in a bend of napo amazonian river: Morphodynamics and infrastructure implications. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.27735.68008.
  19. ^ Jamie, Towner (2019). "Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  20. ^ Filizola, Naziano; Melo, Edileuza; Armijos, Elisa; McGlynn, John (2015). "Preliminary Analysis of Potential for River Hydrokinetic Energy Tecnologies in the Amazon Basin". Idb Publications. doi:10.18235/0000222.
  21. ^ Alain, Laraque; Jean-Sébastien, Moquet (2011). "Chemical weathering and atmospheric/soil CO2 uptake in the Andean and Foreland Amazon basins". Chemical Geology. 287 (1–2): 1–26. Bibcode:2011ChGeo.287....1M. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.005.
  22. ^ Ricardo Zubieta, Barragán (2013). Modelado hidrológico distribuido de la cuenca amazónica peruana utilizando precipitación obtenida por satélite.
  23. ^ Philippe, Vauchel; Jorge Luis, Carranza Vasle; Alain, Crave (2013). "Suspended sediment dynamics in the Amazon River of Peru". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 44: 75. Bibcode:2013JSAES..44...75A. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2012.09.002.
  24. ^ Ricardo, Zubieta; Augusto, Getirana; Jhan Carlo, Espinoza; Waldo, Lavado-Casimiro; Luis, Aragon (2017). "Hydrological modeling of the Peruvian-Ecuadorian Amazon Basin using GPM-IMERG satellite-based precipitation dataset". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 21 (7): 3543–3555. Bibcode:2017HESS...21.3543Z. doi:10.5194/hess-21-3543-2017. PMC 7402198. PMID 32753831.