In 1991, a single resolution was adopted regarding North Korea's accession to membership in the UN. Since then, many resolutions have been adopted in relation to the North Korean missile and nuclear program.
Background
The UN Security Council toughens the sanctions in response to North Korea's nuclear and missile tests.[1]
The sanctions on North Korea are mainly economic in nature, regulating North Korea's economic activities such as trade with China. The resolutions' sanction mainly 'demands North Korea refrain from further nuclear or missile tests and return to the NPT'. Moreover, the sanctions resolutions try to ban North Korea's ability of exporting their natural resources such as coal and iron ore, and prohibit member states' exports to North Korea, actions which may contribute to North Korea's further nuclear and missile tests.[2]
The UN Security Council tries to urge North Korea for denuclearization, a measure that has proven to be ineffective in preventing further nuclear and missile tests.[3]
Meanwhile, the most severe sanction of the UNSC is found to be a ban on crude oil exports to North Korea, but such sanction has not been executed yet. The first step for such sanctions to proceed is the achievement of a consensus between member states and international society.[4]
^Adams, Benson D. (1971). Ballistic Missile Defense. American Elsevier Publishing Company.
^Allison, Graham T. (2004). Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-7651-6.
^Carter, Ashton B.; Schwartz, David N., eds. (1984). Ballistic Missile Defense. Brookings Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
^"UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea – Arms Control Association". www.armscontrol.org. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ a bSchrijver, Nico (2015). "The Ban on the Use of Force in the UN Charter". In Weller, Marc (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 478. ISBN 978-0-19-165391-9.
^ a b cKlabbers, Jan (2015). "Intervention, Armed Intervention, Armed Attack, Threat to Peace, Act of Aggression, and Threat or Use of Force: What's the Difference?". In Weller, Marc (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 494. ISBN 978-0-19-165391-9.
^ a b c dWellens, Karel C., ed. (1990). Resolutions and Statements of the United Nations Security Council: (1946–1989); a Thematic Guide. Dordrecht: BRILL. p. 251. ISBN 0-7923-0796-8.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o"UN Documents for DPRK (North Korea): Security Council Resolutions [View All Security Council Resolutions]". securitycouncilreport.org. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
^"UN Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006) – Work and mandate". New York, USA: United Nations Security Council. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^Salomon, Salem (22 March 2017). "Sanctioned and Shunned, North Korea Finds Arms Deals in Africa". Voice of America. USA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ a b c d e fDavenport, Kelsey (1 March 2016). "UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea". Washington, D.C., USA: Arms Control Association. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^Sengupta, Somini; Sang-Hun, Choe (2 March 2016). "U.N. Toughens Sanctions on North Korea in Response to Its Nuclear Program". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
^UN Security Council (24 March 2016). "Security Council Grants Mandate Extension for Expert Panel Helping Sanctions Committee on Democratic People's Republic of Korea". United Nations. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
^UN Security Council (30 November 2016). "Security Council Strengthens Sanctions on Democratic Republic of Korea, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2321 (2016) – With Secretary-General Hailing Measures as 'Toughest Ever', Some Warn against Military Build-up on Peninsula". United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
^UN Security Council (2 June 2017). "Security Council Unanimously Adopts Resolution Extending Number, Scope of Sanctions against Democratic People's Republic of Korea". United Nations. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
^"United Nations Official Document".
^Gladstone, Rick (5 August 2017). "U.N. Security Council imposes punishing new sanctions on North Korea". The New York Times. USA. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^United Nations Security CouncilResolution2371. 8019. Resolution 2371 (2017) – Adopted by the Security Council at its 8019th meeting, on 5 August 2017 S/RES/2371 5 August 2017.
^"Chronology of events leading to adoption of UNSC resolution on N. Korea". yonhapnews.co.kr. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^"Security Council Imposes Fresh Sanctions on Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Including Bans on Natural Gas Sales, Work Authorization for Its Nationals – Resolution 2375 (2017) Also Takes Humanitarian Situation into Account as Members Urge Resumed Talks on Denuclearizing Korean Peninsula". New York, USA: United Nations Security Council. 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^Sengupta, Somini (11 September 2017). "After U.S. Compromise, Security Council Strengthens North Korea Sanctions". The New York Times. USA. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^"Resolution 2397 (2017)" (PDF). UN. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
^"Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 2018". www.un.org. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
United Nations Documents for DPRK (North Korea) at Security Council Report
UN Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006) (Reports issued by the UN Panel of Experts, established to support of the Sanctions Committee in carrying out its mandate as specified in paragraph 12 of resolution 1718)
