The Sicangu Lakota are known as Sičhą́ǧu Oyáte in Lakȟóta, which translates to "Burnt Thighs Nation". Learning the meaning of their name, the French called them the Brûlé, also Brulé, meaning "burnt". The name may have derived from an incident where they were fleeing through a grass fire on the plains.
Sičhą́ǧu
The term "Sičhą́ǧu" appears on pages 3 to 14 of Beginning Lakhóta.[3]
"Ká Lakȟóta kį líla hą́ske. 'That Indian (over yonder) is very tall.'" "Hą, hé Sičhą́ǧú. 'Yes, that's a Rosebud Sioux.'"
It appears to be a compound word of the Thítȟųwą Lakȟóta dialect, meaning "burned thigh".[4]
They were divided in three great regional tribal divisions:
Lower Brulé (Khúl Wičháša Oyáte, "Lowland People", lived along the White River to its mouth at the Missouri River (Mnišóše) as well in the Missouri River Valley in South Dakota; some ventured south to the Niobrara River).[5]
Upper Brulé (Ȟeyáta Wičháša Oyáte - ″Highland People″, ventured further south and west onto the Plains along the Platte River between the North and South Platte River in Nebraska in the search for buffalo. The allied Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho welcomed them as strong allies to this lands which they had further claimed, along the Loup River - the former center of the Skidi Pawnee. They went south to plunder enemy Pawnee and Arikara camps, and were therefore also known as: Kheyatawhichasha - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)
(Upper) Brulé of the Platte River (a splinter group of the Upper Brulé and the southernmost Sicangu group, generally along the South Platte River in Colorado, with hunting bands south to the Republican River - home to the enemy Kithehaki / Kitkehaxki of the South Bands Pawnee, also known as: Kheyatawhichasha - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)
According to the Kul Wicasa (Lower Brule) Medicine Bull (Tatȟą́ka Wakȟą́), the people were decentralized and identified with the following thiyóšpaye, or extended family groups, who collected in various local thiwáhe (English: camps or family circles):
Apewantanka
Chokatowela
Ihanktonwan
Iyakoza[7]
Kanghi yuha
Nakhpakhpa
Pispiza wichasha
Shawala
Shiyolanka
Wacheunpa
Waleghaunwohan
Ethnobotany
The Sicangu give pulverized roots of green comet milkweed (Asclepias viridiflora) to children with diarrhea. Nursing mothers take an infusion of the whole plant to increase their milk flow.[8] They brew the leaves of prairie redroot (Ceanothus herbaceus) into a tea.[9]
^"Native American Heritage Month: S.F. gallery director wins praise for breaking with past."[permanent dead link]San Francisco Chronicle. 12 Nov 1995 (retrieved 20 Dec 2009)
^Howe, Craig; Katz, Abe (Spring 2015). "Traditional Lakota Governance". Rootstalk. Center for Prairie Studies. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
^Beginning Lakhóta, Volume 1 (Boulder: University of Colorado Lakhóta Project, 1976).
^Famous Indians of Northwest Nebraska. Chadron Centennial Committee. 1983. p. 34.
^"Lower Brule". Archived from the original on 2015-05-02. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
^Clark, Patricia Roberts (21 October 2009). Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced. McFarland. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7864-5169-2.
^Also spelled A-a-ko-za or Aakoza.[6]
^Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Society, page 34
^Rogers, Dilwyn J., 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Society, page 56
