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Герцог Силезии

Герцог Силезии был титулом сыновей и потомков польского герцога Болеслава III Кривоустого . В соответствии с последней волей и завещанием Болеслава , после его смерти его земли были разделены на четыре или пять наследственных провинций, распределенных между его сыновьями, и королевская провинция Краков, зарезервированная для старшего, который должен был стать Великим князем всей Польши. Это было известно как фрагментация Польши . Последующие события привели к дальнейшему расколу герцогств.

В начале XIV века в Силезии существовало четырнадцать независимых княжеств: Бжег, Вроцлав, Свидница, Явор, Зембице, Глогув, Сцинава, Жагань и Олесница в Нижней Силезии; Козле, Цешин, Бытом, Немодлин, Ополе, Стшельце, Рацибуж и Опава в Верхней Силезии и церковное княжество Ныса. Между 1327 и 1329 годами большинство герцогов приняли верховную власть чешского короля Яна Богемского , который получил право наследования всех этих герцогств. В последующие столетия все ветви силезских Пястов вымерли, и со смертью Георга Вильгельма, герцога Лигница, династия прекратила свое существование.

Герцогство Силезское

Герцогство Силезское , одна из наследственных провинций Польши, Силезия , была предоставлена ​​старшему сыну Болеслава III, Владиславу II Изгнаннику , и впоследствии была разделена между его сыновьями Болеславом I Длинным (Вроцлав/Нижняя Силезия), Мешко I Плетненогом (Рацибуж/Верхняя Силезия) и Конрадом Тонконогим (Глогув). После смерти Конрада Глогув был снова объединен с герцогством Вроцлав/Нижняя Силезия.

Разделы Силезии

В 1173 году Болеслав вернулся и согласился позволить Мешко и Болеславу править в их собственных княжествах, отделенных от княжества Силезии. Это привело к созданию княжества Рацибужского для Мешко I и княжества Опольского для Ярослава, положив начало фрагментации княжества Силезии. Территории, контролируемые Мешко I и Ярославом, примерно соответствовали тому, что известно как Верхняя Силезия , в то время как территории, оставшиеся с Болеславом I, примерно соответствовали Нижней Силезии .

Нижняя Силезия

Герцогство Нижней Силезии было прямым продолжением герцогства Силезии, но без территорий, примерно соответствующих Верхней Силезии ; поэтому оно состояло из территорий, примерно соответствующих Нижней Силезии . Некоторые источники называют его герцогством Силезии; некоторые — герцогством Нижней Силезии; другие — герцогством Вроцлавским ( Бреслау). Вроцлав был столицей герцогства Силезии, однако это раннее (1172–1248) герцогство Силезии не следует путать с меньшим герцогством Вроцлавским, которое было создано с дальнейшей фрагментацией в 1248 году. Герцогство претерпело различные изменения границ в последующие годы, иногда теряя, а иногда приобретая территорию. В 1248 году Нижняя Силезия была разделена, когда Болеслав II должен был уступить герцогство Вроцлав своему младшему брату Генриху III.

Верхняя Силезия

Верхняя Силезия была разделена на княжества Тешинское и Опольско-Рацибужское. В 1340 году княжество Рацибужское было объединено с Опавой, чешским феодом.

ПястГерцоги Силезии

Разделы Польской Силезии при династии Пястов

       Ниже приводится упрощенная таблица разделов Силезии:

Краткое напоминание, чтобы избежать путаницы:

Таблица правителей

Přemyslid Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Bohemian Silesia under Přemyslid dynasty

       Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

Table of rulers

Notes:

Podiebrad Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Silesia under Podiebrad dynasty

Table of rulers

The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa

Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław

Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.

Prussian part secularised in 1810.

Theocracy abolished in 1850.

See also

List of Polish rulers
Piast dynasty
Dukes of Masovia
Dukes of Greater Poland
Dukes of Little Poland
Dukes of Cuiavia
Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca

References

  1. ^ As Opole kept the original capital of Opole-Racibórz, the duchy will be pictured with the same color.
  2. ^ divided into Świdnica and Jawor between 1312 and 1346
  3. ^ Zator split few years before the annexation of Oświęcim to Poland; Zator therefore will be seen as a direct successor duchy, and will be pictured with the same color.
  4. ^ Briefly recovered by Jawor between 1337 and 1346.
  5. ^ The dukes changed their capital to Chojnów in early 1440's, and sold the town of Lubin to Głogów, which was bought back in 1482 by Legnica. The recovery of Legnica by Chojnów (1454) recentered the capital to this recovered town, and, until 1488, the territory of Chojnów and later Lubin became part of the Legnica. Lubin re-emerged in 1488, but was definitely annexed to Legnica in 1550
  6. ^ Shared a half, between 1358 and 1368, with Świdnica-Jawor; Olawa split between 1400 and 1454 and eventually joined Legnica
  7. ^ Brzeg was bought from Opole in 1481 and Lubin from Głogów in 1482
  8. ^ Olawa split from Brzeg in three periods: 1586–1595, 1602–1605, 1672–1680. The latter two were dowries as well.
  9. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
  10. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Conrad I of Głogów and Conrad I of Oleśnica, later inheritor of a part of Głogów.
  11. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Żagań, Henry IV the Faithful
  12. ^ A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
  13. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Conrad II of Żagań, known as the Hunchback and Conrad II of Oleśnica, known as the Gray.
  14. ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
  15. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry V of Legnica and Henry V of Żagań
  16. ^ Ruled in Swidnica-Jawor since 1273, and abdicated at his father's death, when the partitions were made.
  17. ^ Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
  18. ^ A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
  19. ^ A new line of dukes starts with Casimir, who is thereby counted as I.
  20. ^ a b Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom between him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
  21. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry VI of Wrocław, known as the Good and Henry VI of Żagań, known as the Elder
  22. ^ A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
  23. ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
  24. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
  25. ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
  26. ^ a b Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
  27. ^ Documented as such in 1340.
  28. ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
  29. ^ a b c Avoid confusion between the Lower Silesian Wenceslaus I of Legnica, and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn and Wenceslaus I of Zator
  30. ^ Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
  31. ^ Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
  32. ^ a b Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
  33. ^ Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
  34. ^ a b c Avoid confusion between Lower Silesian Wenceslaus II of Legnica and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus II of Zator and Wenceslaus II of Cieszyn
  35. ^ Numbered higher, as Henry VII of Brzeg, despite succeeding to his father only in 1398, was co-ruling with his father since 1361, sooner than Henry VIII's ascension.
  36. ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry VIII of Legnica and Henry VIII of Głogów, known as the Sparrow
  37. ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII of Brzeg known as the Courageous or with a Scar and Henry VII of Głogów, known as Rumpold or the Middle
  38. ^ a b Note that both Henry VII and his nephew Henry X bore the surname Rumpold
  39. ^ a b Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
  40. ^ Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
  41. ^ a b Avoid confusion between the contemporary dukes John I of Żagań and John I of Opole
  42. ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Elder of Żagań. Henry IX the Elder has also the same sobriquet as his uncle, Henry VI.
  43. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry X of Lubin and Henry X of Głogów.
  44. ^ Numbered lower than Henry VIII of Legnica (who ascended in 1364) because he was co-ruling with his father since 1361.
  45. ^ Kantner refers to this town, possibly the one where he was born.
  46. ^ a b Prusice was ceded by Conrad V to his brother Conrad VII, in 1421.
  47. ^ a b Wołów was ceded by Conrad VI to his brother Conrad V, in 1420.
  48. ^ In fact, the half of Ścinawa inherited from John, Duke of Ścinawa in 1365.
  49. ^ Her rule was contested by the Častolovice family, apparently invested with the duchy by the Bohemian king, until 1435.
  50. ^ Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 1004.
  51. ^ Ruled jointly with his sister-in-law, Margareta of Celje.
  52. ^ Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
  53. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
  54. ^ John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
  55. ^ Helena Osvětimská, 2020-03-06

Bibliography

Sites

http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm