List of rulers of Edom

The following is a list of the known rulers of the Kingdom of Edom in the Levant.

Descendants of Esau

Esau עֵשָׂו (Edom אֱדֹֽום) Married three wives^[1]

Reuel^[2] רְעוּאֵֽל By Basemath בָּשְׂמַ֥ת (daughter of Elon the Hittite, wife of Ishmael?)^[3] Also called Mahalath (the sister of Nebaioth, the firstborn of Ishmael) Married just after Jacob's flight to Haran
- Nahath נַ֥חַת
- Zerah זֶ֖רַח (father of Jobab, 2nd Duke of Edom?)
- Shammah שַׁמָּ֣ה
- Mizzah מִזָּ֑ה
Jeush יְע֥וּשׁ By Oholibamah^[4] אָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ (daughter of Anah עֲנָ֔ה (the wife of Beeri?) the daughter of Zibeon צִבְעֹ֖ון the Hivite). (Also called Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite) Married just before Jacob's flight to Haran
Jalam יַעְלָ֖ם
Korah קֹ֑רַח
Eliphaz^[5] אֱלִיפָ֑ז By Adah^[6] עָדָ֗ה daughter of Elon אֵילֹון֙ the Hittite. (possibly the same Eliphaz the Temanite in the Book of Job) Married before Jacob's flight to Haran
- Teman תֵּימָ֣ן
- Omar אֹומָ֔ר
- Zepho צְפֹ֥ו
- Gatam גַעְתָּ֖ם
- Kenaz קְנַֽז
- Amalek עֲמָלֵ֑ק (by his concubine Timna^[7] תִמְנַ֣ע the sister of Lotan^[8] the son of Seir)

Kings and governors

Non-hereditary kings

Dukes/chiefs

Timnah (Timna)
Aliah (Alvah)
Jetheth
Oholibamah
Elah
Pinon
Kenaz
Teman II
Mibzar
Magdiel
Iram
To Israel c. 990-922
- ?
To Judah 922 - early 9th century
- ?
To Assyria 724-612^[9]
- Kaus-malaka fl c. 734 (Assyrian name; Edomite name Qos-melek)
- Aya-ramu fl. c. 701
- Kaus-gabri fl. c. 680 (Assyrian name; Edomite name Qos-geber)
To Babylon 612-539
- ?
Independence 539-c. 275
- ?
To the Seleucid Empire c. 200-160
- ? c. 270 - c. 200
- Gorigas 160s
- ? 160-109
Governors of Idumea under the Hasmonean dynasty 109 BC.
- Antipas c. 100-78
- Antipater 78-43

Governors of Idumea under Herod

Note that the Herodian dynasty itself was of Idumaean extraction.

Joseph ben Antipater (brother of Herod the Great). c. 43-35
Costobarus (brother-in-law of Herod the Great).......30s
To Judea directly.................................30s-4
To Rome..........................................4 BC- AD 60

Governors of Idumea under the Revolutionary government of Judaea

Niger the Perean
Joshua ben Saphas ha-Kohen
Eleazar ben Hananiah
To Rome

References

^ Gen 26
When Esau was forty years old, he married
Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and also
Basemath daughter of Elon the Hittite.
³⁵ They were a source of grief to Isaac and Rebekah.
Genesis 28 (KJV)
⁹Then went Esau unto Ishmael whom God blessed (Genesis 17:20), and took unto the wives which he had
Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham's chosen son (Gen. 17:20), the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife.
Gen 36
²Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan;
Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and
Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite;
³also Basemath daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth
^ Gen 36¹³And these are the sons of Reuel;
Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the (grand)sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.
^ Gen 36
¹⁰These are the names of Esau's sons;
Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau,
Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau.
^ Gen 36¹⁴And these were the sons of
Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon (the Hivite?), Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau
Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah.
^ Gen 36 11And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz.
^ Gen 36
¹⁰These are the names of Esau's sons;
Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau,
Reuel the son of Basemath the wife of Esau.
^ Gen 36¹²And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son;

and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the (grand)sons of Adah Esau's wife.
^ 1 Chron 1
³⁹And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's sister.
^ Crowell, Bradley L. (2021). Edom at the Edge of Empire: A Social and Political History. SBL Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-88414-528-8.