House elections for the 21st U.S. Congress
The 1828–29 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 9, 1828, and October 5, 1829. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 21st United States Congress convened on December 7, 1829. Elections were held for all 213 seats, representing 24 states.
They occurred while Jacksonians soundly took control of the presidency, with Andrew Jackson's victory, they greatly increased their majority in Congress. Outgoing President John Quincy Adams's unpopularity played a major role in the Jacksonian pick-up, as did the perception of the Anti-Jacksonian Party as urban and elitist. Major increases in suffrage also heightened Jacksonian wins, as newly enfranchised voters tended to associate with Jacksonian principles. The Anti-Masonic Party, a single issue faction based on distrust of Freemasonry, became the first third party in American history to garner seats in the House.
Election summaries
Special elections
There were special elections in 1828 and 1829 to the 20th United States Congress and 21st United States Congress.
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
20th Congress
21st Congress
Alabama
Alabama elected its members August 3, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened.
Arkansas Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut
Connecticut elected its members April 29, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened.
Delaware
Delaware re-elected its sole member October 7, 1828.
Florida Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Georgia
Georgia returned to electing its members at-large for the 1828 election and elected its members October 6, 1828. Despite two retirements, the entire delegation remained Jacksonians.
Illinois
Illinois's sole member was re-elected August 4, 1828.
Indiana
Indiana elected its members August 4, 1828.
Kentucky
Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1829, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
Louisiana
Louisiana elected its members July 8–10, 1828.
Maine
Maine elected its members September 8, 1828. Maine required a majority vote for election, so the 5th district district election was settled on the second ballot on December 22, 1828, and the 6th district district election was settled on the sixth ballot on April 5, 1830, near the end of the next Congress.
Maryland
Maryland elected its members October 5, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts elected its members November 7, 1828.
The majority requirement for election was met on the first ballot in all of the 13 districts.
District numbers vary between sources.
Michigan Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Mississippi
Mississippi elected its sole member at-large August 4–5, 1828.
Missouri
Missouri elected its sole member August 4, 1828.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire elected its members March 10, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened.
New Jersey
New Jersey elected its members November 4, 1828.
New York
New York elected its members November 3–5, 1828.
North Carolina
North Carolina elected its members August 13, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened.
Ohio
Ohio elected its members October 14, 1828.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1828.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island elected its members August 27, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened.
South Carolina
South Carolina elected its members October 13–14, 1828.
Tennessee
Tennessee elected its members August 6–7, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
Vermont
Vermont elected its members September 2, 1828. Vermont required a majority vote for election, so the 3rd district district election was settled on the second ballot on November 11, 1828, and the 5th district district election was settled on the eighth ballot on November 2, 1829.
Virginia
Virginia elected its members in April 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
Non-voting delegates
See also
Notes
- ^ These dates do not include a run-off ballot in Maine that ran into 1830.
- ^ a b Both Dubin and Martis agree that there were 72 seats held by Anti-Jacksonians (or Adams Men) at the start of the 21st Congress; further, including the later filling of vacancies, both sources agree that there were ultimately 136 districts held by Jacksonians.
- ^ 5 Anti-Masons were elected.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Changed parties.
- ^ a b c d e f g Source does not give full name.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.
- ^ Won special election to the 20th Congress.
- ^ a b Silas Wright Jr. (Jacksonian) successfully contested the election of George Fisher (Anti-Jacksonian); but Wright never claimed the seat, and resigned, without serving, on March 9, 1830. See note at bottom of the New York 'Complete returns' section for further details.
- ^ Won subsequent special election.
- ^ Based on incomplete returns.
References
- ^ a b c d Dubin, pg. 95; Martis, pg. 90.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Twentieth Congress March 4, 1827, to March 3, 1829". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 31, 2019 – via History.house.gov.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g "Twenty-First Congress March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
- ^ "ME District 4 - Special Election - 1st Trial". January 11, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "ME District 4 - Special Election - 2nd Trial". January 11, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ a b "GA At-Large - Special Election". February 16, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ a b Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- ^ "NC District 05 - Special Election". June 26, 2005. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "NC District 10 - Special Election". May 8, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
- ^ a b "VA District 10 Special Election". December 25, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CT At-Large Race - Apr 09, 1829". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
- ^ "ME District 5 - 1st Trial". February 10, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "ME District 5 - 2nd Trial". February 10, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ a b "ME District 6 - 1st Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "ME District 6 - 2nd Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "ME District 6 - 3rd Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "ME District 6 - 4th Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "ME District 6 - 5th Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF).
- ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
- ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- "Twentieth Congress March 4, 1827, to March 3, 1829". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 9, 2019 – via History.house.gov.[permanent dead link]
- "Twenty-First Congress March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)