The Dutch Eerste Divisie in the 1983–84 season was contested by 17 teams, one more than in the previous season. This was due to RBC Roosendaal, entering from the amateurs. MVV won the championship.
Entered from amateur football
Relegated from the 1982–83 Eredivisie
In the promotion competition, four period winners (the best teams during each of the four quarters of the regular competition) played for promotion to the eredivisie.