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Galik alphabet

Twenty-One Hymns to the Rescuer Mother of Buddhas in four scripts: Tibetan, Manchu, Galik Mongolian, and Chinese

The Galik script (Mongolian: Али-гали үсэг, Ali-gali üseg) is an extension to the traditional Mongolian script. It was created in 1587 by the translator and scholar Ayuush Güüsh (Mongolian: Аюуш гүүш), inspired by the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso. He added extra characters for transcribing Tibetan and Sanskrit terms when translating religious texts, and later also from Chinese. Some of those characters are still in use today for writing foreign names.[1]

Some authors (particularly historic ones like Isaac Taylor in his The Alphabet: an account of the origin and development of letters, 1883) don't distinguish between the Galik and standard Mongolian alphabets.

To ensure that most text in the script displays correctly in your browser, the text sample below should resemble its image counterpart. Additional notes on the affected characters and their desired components are provided in the tables further down. For relevant terminology, see Mongolian script § Components.

Letters

The order of the letters corresponds to the alphabetic order of Sanskrit.[2]: 28 

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Extended Wylie Transliteration Scheme – the Tibetan and Himalayan Library
  2. ^ For correct rendering, this should appear as a short tooth (ᠡ‍) + one connected, and one separated left-pointing tail (both ).
  3. ^ For correct rendering, this should appear as a short tooth (ᠡ‍) + loop (‍ᠤ‍) + two long teeth with downturns (‍ᠧ‍) + a final with right-pointing tail (‍ᠡ).
  4. ^ For correct rendering, all these final a's should appear as connected and left-pointing tails (). A's directly preceded by any of the bow-shaped letters k, kh, g, p, ph, and b should also include a tooth in between.
  5. ^ For correct rendering, this should appear as a right-side diacritic.
  6. ^ For correct rendering, this should appear as a right-side diacritic.

References

  1. ^ a b c Chuluunbaatar, Otgonbayar (2008). Einführung in die mongolischen Schriften (in German). Buske. ISBN 978-3-87548-500-4.
  2. ^ a b c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. ^ a b c "BabelStone : Mongolian and Manchu Resources". BabelStone (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-07-10.
  4. ^ a b Shagdarsürüng, Tseveliin (2001). "Study of Mongolian Scripts (Graphic Study or Grammatology). Enl". Bibliotheca Mongolica: Monograph 1.