Genus of wasps
Ammophila is the type genus of the subfamily Ammophilinae of the hunting wasp family Sphecidae . Ammophila is a large and cosmopolitan genus, with over 200 species, mostly occurring in the warmer regions of all continents apart from Antarctica .
Vernacular names Ammophila ferrugineipes They sometimes are referred to as "thread-waisted wasps", but the name is not definitive, because many other members of the Sphecidae are thread-waisted, too, and referred to as such. Sometimes Ammophiline wasps are referred to as "sand wasps"; this may be better because it is consistent with the name Ammophila , which derives from the Greek for "sand lover", presumably because many species dig their nests in sand. However, as is frequent in dealing with common names, no definitive common name for the Ammophilinae exists; entomologists usually confine themselves to the technical names for convenience and clarity.
Morphology and habits As is frequent in large genera, considerable variation occurs in their habits and appearance, but predominantly they are medium-sized wasps of strikingly slender build, with antennae about as long as the head plus thorax.
The jaws are not large, but are strong and apart from feeding and digging, often are used for unexpected functions such as holding a pebble with which the wasp hammers down soil to seal a nest,[2] or to grip the stem of a plant at night, holding its body at right-angles to the stem, its legs folded and all the weight taken up by the mandibles. This habit is not unique to the Ammophilinae – some bees, such as Amegilla , also overnight in that way, and Fabre documented some others.[3]
Ammophila with a captured caterpillar
Nesting Nesting is generally by digging an unbranched tunnel in sandy soil, but provisioning can be progressive , the mother bringing prey as the larva requires it, or mass provisioning , where each nest is provided with a single large prey item,[4] or as many small prey items as should be required.[2]
Species Ammophila heydeni The genus Ammophila was created by the English parson-naturalist William Kirby in 1798.[5] It contains 243 extant species:[6]
Ammophila aberti Haldeman, 1852 Ammophila abnormis Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila acuta (Fernald, 1934) Ammophila adelpha Kohl, 1901 Ammophila aellos Menke, 1966 Ammophila afghanica Balthasar, 1957 Ammophila africana Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila albotomentosa Morice, 1900 Ammophila altigena Gussakovskij, 1930 Ammophila antenniferruginea Yan and Q. Li, 2010 Ammophila antoninae Danilov, 2018 Ammophila antropovi Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila aphrodite Menke, 1964 Ammophila apicalis Guérin-Méneville, 1835 Ammophila arabica W.F. Kirby, 1900 Ammophila ardens F. Smith, 1868 Ammophila areolata Walker, 1871 Ammophila argyrocephala Arnold, 1951 Ammophila arnoldi Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila arvensis Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845 Ammophila asiatica Tsuneki, 1971 Ammophila assimilis Kohl, 1901 Ammophila atripes F. Smith, 1852 Ammophila aucella Menke, 1966 Ammophila aurifera R. Turner, 1908 Ammophila azteca Cameron, 1888 Ammophila barbara (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845) Ammophila barbarorum Arnold, 1951 Ammophila barkalovi Danilov, 2015 Ammophila beaumonti Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila bechuana (R. Turner, 1929) Ammophila bella Menke, 1966 Ammophila bellula Menke, 1964 Ammophila beniniensis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1806) Ammophila bispinosa Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila boharti Menke, 1964 Ammophila borealis Q. Li and C. Yang, 1990 Ammophila braunsi (R. Turner, 1919) Ammophila breviceps F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila brevipennis Bingham, 1897 Ammophila californica Menke, 1964 Ammophila calva (Arnold, 1920) Ammophila campestris Latreille, 1809 Ammophila caprella Arnold, 1951 Ammophila cellularis Gussakovskij, 1930 Ammophila centralis Cameron, 1888 Ammophila centroafricana Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila clavus (Fabricius, 1775) Ammophila cleopatra Menke, 1964 Ammophila clypeola Q. Li and C. Yang, 1990 Ammophila clypeolineata Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila coachella Menke, 1966 Ammophila conditor F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila confusa A. Costa, 1864 Ammophila conifera (Arnold, 1920) Ammophila cora Cameron, 1888 Ammophila coronata A. Costa, 1864 Ammophila crassifemoralis (R. Turner, 1919) Ammophila cybele Menke, 1970 Ammophila dantoni Roth in Nadig, 1933 Ammophila dejecta Cameron, 1888 Ammophila dentigera Gussakovskij, 1928 Ammophila deserticola Tsuneki, 1971 Ammophila djaouak de Beaumont, 1956 Ammophila dolichocephala Cameron, 1910 Ammophila dolichodera Kohl, 1884 Ammophila dubia Kohl, 1901 Ammophila duhokensis Augul, Abdoul-Rassoul, and Kaddou, 2013 Ammophila dysmica Menke, 1966 Ammophila electa Kohl, 1901 Ammophila elongata Fischer de Waldheim, 1843 Ammophila erminea Kohl, 1901 Ammophila evansi Menke, 1964 Ammophila exsecta Kohl, 1906 Ammophila extremitata Cresson, 1865 Ammophila eyrensis R. Turner, 1908 Ammophila femurrubra W. Fox, 1894 Ammophila fernaldi (Murray, 1938) Ammophila ferruginosa Cresson, 1865 Ammophila filata Walker, 1871 Ammophila fischeri Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila formicoides Menke, 1964 Ammophila formosensis Tsuneki, 1971 Ammophila ganquana Yang and Li, 1989 Ammophila gaumeri Cameron, 1888 Ammophila globifrontalis Q. Li and Ch. Yang, 1995 Ammophila globiverticalis Ch. Wang and L. Ma, 2018 Ammophila gracilis Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845 Ammophila gracillima Taschenberg, 1869 Ammophila guichardi de Beaumont, 1956 Ammophila gusenleitneri Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila gussakovskii Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila haimatosoma Kohl, 1884 Ammophila haladai Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila hallelujah Menke, 2020 Ammophila harti (Fernald, 1931) Ammophila hemilauta Kohl, 1906 Ammophila hermosa Menke, 1966 Ammophila heteroclypeola Li and Xue, 1998 Ammophila hevans Menke, 2004 Ammophila heydeni Dahlbom, 1845 Ammophila holosericea (Fabricius, 1793) Ammophila honorei Alfieri, 1946 Ammophila horni von Schulthess, 1927 Ammophila hungarica Mocsáry, 1883 Ammophila hurdi Menke, 1964 Ammophila iliensis Kazenas, 2001 Ammophila imitator Menke, 1966 Ammophila induta Kohl, 1901 Ammophila infesta F. Smith, 1873 Ammophila insignis F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila insolata F. Smith, 1858 Ammophila instabilis F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila juncea Cresson, 1865 Ammophila kalaharica (Arnold, 1935) Ammophila karenae Menke, 1964 Ammophila kennedyi (Murray, 1938) Ammophila kenyensis Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila kondarensis Danilov, 2018 Ammophila kowalczyki Olszewski, 2020 Ammophila laeviceps F. Smith, 1873 Ammophila laevicollis Ed. André, 1886 Ammophila laevigata F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila laminituberalis Ch. Wang and Ma, 2018 Ammophila lampei Strand, 1910 Ammophila lativalvis Gussakovskij, 1928 Ammophila leclercqi Menke, 1964 Ammophila leoparda (Fernald, 1934) Ammophila linda Menke, 2020 Ammophila longiclypeata Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila macra Cresson, 1865 Ammophila malickyi Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila marshi Menke, 1964 Ammophila mcclayi Menke, 1964 Ammophila mediata Cresson, 1865 Ammophila menghaiana Q. Li and C. Yang, 1989 Ammophila menkei Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila meridionalis Kazenas, 1980 Ammophila mescalero Menke, 1966 Ammophila mexica Menke, 2020 Ammophila mimica Menke, 1966 Ammophila mitlaensis Alfieri, 1961 Ammophila modesta Mocsáry, 1883 Ammophila moenkopi Menke, 1967 Ammophila monachi Menke, 1966 Ammophila mongolensis Tsuneki, 1971 Ammophila murrayi Menke, 1964 Ammophila namibiensis Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila nancy Menke, 2007 Ammophila nasalis Provancher, 1895 Ammophila nasuta Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845 Ammophila nearctica Kohl, 1889 Ammophila nefertiti Menke, 1964 Ammophila nemkovi Danilov, 2018 Ammophila nigri Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila nigricans Dahlbom, 1843 Ammophila nigrifrons Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila nigrina F. Morawitz, 1889 Ammophila nitida Fischer de Waldheim, 1834 Ammophila novita (Fernald, 1934) Ammophila obliquestriolae Yang and Li, 1989 Ammophila occipitalis F. Morawitz, 1890 Ammophila ohli Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila pachythoracalis Yang and Li, 1989 Ammophila pakistana Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila parapolita (Fernald, 1934) Ammophila parapunctaticeps Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila parkeri Menke, 1964 Ammophila peckhami (Fernald, 1934) Ammophila peringueyi (Arnold, 1928) Ammophila persica Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila pevtsovi Danilov, 2015 Ammophila picipes Cameron, 1888 Ammophila pictipennis Walsh, 1869 Ammophila pilimarginata Cameron, 1912 Ammophila placida F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila platensis Brèthes, 1909 Ammophila poecilocnemis Morice, 1900 Ammophila polita Cresson, 1865 Ammophila procera Dahlbom, 1843 Ammophila producticollis Morice, 1900 Ammophila proxima (F. Smith, 1856) Ammophila pruinosa Cresson, 1865 Ammophila pseudodolichodera Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila pseudoheydeni Li and He, 2000 Ammophila pseudokalaharica Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila pseudonasuta Bytinski-Salz in de Beaumont and Bytinski-Salz, 1955 Ammophila pubescens Curtis, 1836 Ammophila pulawskii Tsuneki, 1971 Ammophila punctata F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila punctaticeps (Arnold, 1920) Ammophila punti Guichard, 1988 Ammophila quadraticollis A. Costa, 1893 Ammophila rauschi Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila regina Menke, 1964 Ammophila ressli Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila roborovskyi Kohl, 1906 Ammophila rubigegen Q. Li and C. Yang, 1990 Ammophila rubiginosa Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845 Ammophila rubripes Spinola, 1839 Ammophila ruficosta Spinola, 1851 Ammophila rufipes Guérin-Méneville, 1831 Ammophila sabulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Ammophila saengeri Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila sarekandana Balthasar, 1957 Ammophila sareptana Kohl, 1884 Ammophila saussurei (du Buysson , 1897) Ammophila schalleri Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila schmideggeri Dollfuss, 2013 Ammophila separanda F. Morawitz, 1891 Ammophila sickmanni Kohl, 1901 Ammophila sinensis Sickmann, 1894 Ammophila smithii F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila snizeki Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila stangei Menke, 1964 Ammophila strenua Cresson, 1865 Ammophila striata Mocsáry, 1878 Ammophila strumosa Kohl, 1906 Ammophila subassimilis Strand, 1913 Ammophila tekkensis Gussakovskij, 1930 Ammophila terminata F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila theryi (Gribodo, 1894) Ammophila touareg Ed. André, 1886 Ammophila tsunekii Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976 Ammophila tuberculiscutis Turner, 1919 Ammophila turneri Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila tyrannica Cameron, 1890 Ammophila unita Menke, 1966 Ammophila untumoris Yang and Li, 1989 Ammophila urnaria Dahlbom, 1843 Ammophila vagabunda F. Smith, 1856 Ammophila varipes Cresson, 1865 Ammophila vetuberosa Q. Li and J. Yang, 1994 Ammophila vulcania du Buysson , 1897Ammophila wahlbergi Dahlbom, 1845 Ammophila wrightii (Cresson, 1868) Ammophila xinjiangana Q. Li and C. Yang, 1989 Ammophila yaroslavi Danilov, 2018 Ammophila zambiensis Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila zanthoptera Cameron, 1888 Ammophila zapoteca Menke, 2020 Ammophila zetteli Dollfuss, 2015 Ammophila zimmermannae Dollfuss, 2013
References ^ "Ammophila". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . ^ a b Peckham, George W, Peckham, Elizabeth G.; Wasps, Social and Solitary, Pub. Constable 1905 ^ Fabre, Jean-Henri; The wonders of instinct; Pub: Century, New York 1918 ^ Barbara J. Hager and Frank E. Kurczewski; Nesting Behavior of Ammophila harti (Fernald) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae); American Midland Naturalist Vol. 116, No. 1 (Jul., 1986); Pub: University of Notre Dame ^ Pulawski, Wojciech J. (2021) [2014]. "Family Group Names and Classification: and taxa excluded from Sphecidae sensu lato" (PDF) . California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ Pulawski, Wojciech (2021). "Ammophila" (PDF) . California Academy of Sciences . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-02.
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