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Borys Paton

Borys Yevhenovych Paton (Ukrainian: Бори́с Євге́нович Пато́н, Russian: Борис Евгеньевич Патон; 27 November 1918 – 19 August 2020[2][3]) was a Ukrainian scientist and a long-time chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He was appointed to this post in 1962 and held it until his death.[4] Paton, like his father Evgeny Paton, was famous for his work in electric welding.[3]

Biography

Paton was born on 27 November 1918 in Kyiv in the family of scientist and founder of the Paton Institute of Electric Welding in Kyiv, Professor Evgeny Paton.[5] Evgeny Paton was (like his son) famous for his works in electric welding.[3] The first welded bridge in Kyiv, Paton Bridge, was constructed under the supervision of, and named after, Evgeny Paton.[5] Paton junior's mother was a housewife. Paton junior was born in the professors’ residence building of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, where his father was teaching.[3] In 1941, Borys Paton completed the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute and became an engineer.[2]

During the Second World War, in 1941 and 1942, Paton worked and designed electric circuits at the Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 in Gorky.[1][3] His designs helped to increase Soviet tank production.[3]

Paton had a doctoral degree in technical sciences after he defended his doctoral dissertation in 1952.[5] In 1952 Paton joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.[5] In 1953 he became head of the Paton Institute of Electric Welding.[2][5] (The institute founded and formerly led by his father.[3])

Paton joined the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on 18 November 1958. From 1963 to 1991, he was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.[2] Paton was appointed chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1962 and held this position until his death.[4] Paton was also offered to head the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in Moscow, but he refused.[6] He was convinced that he should work in Kyiv, at his parents' Institute of Electric Welding and the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.[6]

Paton was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union from 1962 to 1989.[6]

In the early 1970s and 1980s Paton had advised the Soviet authorities not to build the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.[7][8]

In 1988 Paton was the first person to have been awarded the title of the Hero of Ukraine.[3][2]

In January 2008 Paton was appointed member of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine by a decree of President Viktor Yushchenko.[1] In the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election he was a proxy for candidate Yulia Tymoshenko.[1] In August 2011 Paton was one of the ten signatories of the so-called "Letter of Ten", a letter from Ukrainian intelligentsia figures in support of the policy of President Viktor Yanukovych.[1]

Paton was last re-appointed for another term as chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2015.[4] Paton did not submit his candidacy for the post in March 2020, which signified that he was leaving the position.[4]

Paton never fully denounced Ukraine's past as part of the Soviet Union.[nb 1][6] In 2019 he declared he was against decommunization policies.[6]

Paton died on 19 August 2020 aged 101.[2] He was buried at Baikove Cemetery three days later.[10]

Borys Paton was the author of more than 1,000 publications,[11] including 20 monographs and responsible for more than 400 inventions.

Family

Paton was married to Olha Paton and had a daughter, Yevheniya, who was also a scientist.[6][1] Yevheniya died in 2009 and four years later, his wife died.[6] After the death of his wife, Paton was cared for by his granddaughter, Olha.[6]

Research activities

Paton devoted his scientific research to[12]

Under his leadership, electroslag welding was created which became a fundamentally new method of welding. Paton led research on the application of welding heat sources for the improvement of the quality of the smelted metal. On this basis a new branch of metallurgy was founded called special electrometallurgy (electroslag, plasma arc welding and electron-beam remelting). He was the first researcher to start intensive research in the field of the use of welding and related technologies in space.[13]

Honours and awards

Ukraine
Soviet Union
Russian
Other

Notes

  1. ^ Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union from 1920 until Ukraine declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Патон Борис". Liga.net (in Russian). Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Prominent Ukrainian academician Paton dies at 101, UNIAN (19 August 2020)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Interview with Boris Paton, Times Higher Education (22 November 2018)
  4. ^ a b c d "Патон залишає посаду президента НАН України – джерело". Ukrayinska Pravda "Life" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e Borys Paton, patriarch of Ukrainian science, dies at 101, Kyiv Post (19 August 2020)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "The life of Boris Paton in 13 facts". Radio Free Europe (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  7. ^ Unger, Stephen H. (26 January 1994). Controlling Technology: Ethics and the Responsible Engineer. John Wiley & Sons. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-471-59181-8.
  8. ^ Nahaylo, Bohdan (1999). The Ukrainian Resurgence. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-85065-168-0.
  9. ^ Magocsi, Paul R. (2010). A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. pp. 563–564, 722–723. ISBN 978-1-4426-4085-6.
  10. ^ "Україна попрощається з Патоном у суботу". Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Boris Y. Paton – Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Патон Борис Евгеньевич. Paton Institute of Electric Welding
  13. ^ "Народився Борис Патон, фахівець зі зварювання світового рівня, винахідник (спецелектрометалургія, космічне зварювання, хірургічне зварювання живих тканин), академік НАН України (1958), РАН (1962, 1992), Президент НАН України (1962), Герой України | Національна бібліотека України імені В. І. Вернадського". www.nbuv.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  14. ^ УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ № 28/2012. president.gov.ua (21 January 2012)
  15. ^ Про нагородження Б. Патона орденом князя Ярослава Мудрого. regulation.gov.ua (27 November 2008)
  16. ^ Decree of the President of Ukraine from 7 грудня 2018 year № 414/2018 «Про відзначення державними нагородами України працівників Національної академії наук України» (in Ukrainian)
  17. ^ photo: прижиттєве бронзове погруддя Бориса Патона // Національний науково-природознавчий музей НАН України: Археологічний музей, Ботанічний музей, Геологічний музей, Зоологічний музей, Палеонтологічний музей; Інститут Ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного, Інститут Зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена
  18. ^ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 26.11.2008 г. № 1653. kremlin.ru (26 November 2008)
  19. ^ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 27 ноября 2008 года № 1426 «О награждении орденом „За заслуги перед Отечеством“ II степени Патона Б. Е.». consultant.ru (27 November 1998)
  20. ^ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 19.01.2004 г. № 59. kremlin.ru (19 January 2004)
  21. ^ "IEEE Honors 2020: Borys Paton Wins the IEEE Honorary Membership". 28 May 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Academia de Științe a Moldovei | Academia de Științe a Moldovei". asm.md (in Romanian). Retrieved 20 August 2020.

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