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Brčko District

Map of the District
Dayton boundary lines before the formation of the Brčko District

Brčko District (Serbo-Croatian: Brčko Distrikt / Брчко Дистрикт), officially the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Brčko Distrikt Bosne i Hercegovine / Брчко Дистрикт Босне и Херцеговине), is a self-governing administrative unit in north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Officially a condominium of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, it was formed in 1999 to reflect the multi-ethnic nature of Brčko and the surrounding areas and their special status within the newly independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. In reality, it functions as a local self-government area, much like the other municipalities in the country.[4]

The seat of the district is the city of Brčko.

History

The Brčko District was established after an arbitration process undertaken by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1][2][5] According to the Dayton Peace Accords, however, the process could only arbitrate the disputed portion of the Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL).[6] The Brčko District was formed of the entire territory of the former Brčko municipality, of which 48% (including Brčko city) was in the newly formed Republika Srpska, while 52% was in the old Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Brčko was the only element in the Dayton Peace Agreement that was not finalized at the time. The arbitration agreement was later finalized in March 1999,[1] resulting in a "district" that was to be administrated by an American Brčko International Supervisor. Since 2006, Principal Deputy High Representative has taken over the Brcko supervisor role.

In the 1990s, the Arizona Market was created at the intersection of the IFOR north-south "Arizona" road and the east–west Posavina Corridor roads, bordering today's district, and became a commercial success.[7]

The first Brčko International Supervisor arrived in April 1997. Up to that time, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) had a modest office headed by Randolph Hampton. During the interim time before the District of Brčko could be represented post-arbitration agreement, local elections were held, and humanitarian relief was provided with cooperation from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and ECHO. The District became known as a center for different state-building programs run by foreign governments, particularly the United States.

In 2006, under the Supervisory Order, all "Entity legislation in Brčko District and the IEBL" was abolished. The ruling made by the Brčko Supervisor Susan Johnson abolished all Entity Laws in the District, as well as the Entity Border Line. The ruling made the Laws of the District and the Laws of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina (including the laws of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) paramount within the District.[8]

Following a Peace Implementation Council (PIC) meeting on 23 May 2012, it was decided to suspend, not terminate, the mandate of the Brčko International Supervisor. The Brčko Arbitral Tribunal, together with the suspended Brčko Supervision, continues to exist.[3]

Settlements

Demographics

Brčko District comprises 1% of the land area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is home to 2.37% of the country's total population.

Population

Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of Brčko district:[9]

1961 census
1971 census
1981 census
1991 census
2013 census

Government and politics

There are 31 seats in the Assembly of the Brčko District. The seats are divided as follows as of 2020:[10]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Final Award - Arbitral Tribunal For Dispute Over Inter-Entity Boundary In Brcko Area". Brcko Arbitral Tribunal. Office of the High Representative. 1999-03-05. Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  2. ^ a b "Supervisory Order On the Establishment of the Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina". International Supervisor for Brčko. Office of the High Representative. 2000-03-08. Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  3. ^ a b "Press Conference Following the Meeting of the Steering Board of the Peace implementation Council on 23/5/2012". 2012-05-23. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02.
  4. ^ "Is Brcko District a condominium, an entity or a municipality?". Office of the High Representative. OHR Brcko. 2003-05-12. Retrieved 2022-12-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ "Decision on the establishment of the Brcko District of BiH". High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Office of the High Representative. 2000-03-08. Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  6. ^ Dayton Agreement, Annex 2, Article V Archived April 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Barton, Brooke; Herrero, Gustavo; Quelch, John A.; Rangan, V. Kashturi, eds. (2007). Business Solutions for the Global Poor: Creating Social and Economic Value. Wiley. pp. 55–59. ISBN 9780787988548.
  8. ^ "Supervisory Order Abolishes Entity Legislation, Ends Legal Significance of IEBL in Brčko District". August 4, 2006. Archived from the original on August 13, 2006.
  9. ^ a b c "Popis 2013 u BiH – Brčko District". statistika.ba.
  10. ^ "GRAFIČKI PRIKAZ SALE SKUPŠTINE BRČKO DISTRIKTA BIH" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
  11. ^ The three-digit numbers in the municipality column are the codes used for the municipalities on the Central Electoral Commission site
  12. ^ (in Croatian)Council results from Central Electoral Commission site
  13. ^ (in Croatian)Major of Brčko Archived 2018-06-19 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brčko District.