The North Coast of British Columbia is deeply incised by numerous fjords. Fjords in Canada are long, narrow inlets characterized by steep sides, created in a valley carved by glacial activity. A fjord can have two or more basins separated by sills . The bowls can have a depth of 20 to 500 m (66 to 1,640 ft) and the dividing sills can raise up to a few metres below the water surface. Mountainous glaciated areas in Canada are along the British Columbia Coast : from the Alaskan border along the Portland Canal [1] to Indian Arm .[2] Kingcome Inlet is a typical west coast fjord.[3]
In Newfoundland and Labrador , Saglek Fiord,[4] Nachvak Fiord ,[5] and Hebron Fiord,[6] are in Labrador . While Western Brook Pond ,[7] Trout River Big Pond,[8] and Bonne Bay [9] in Gros Morne National Park are located along the coastline of the island of Newfoundland .
Quebec 's Saguenay River valley contains a fjord. The Saguenay Fjord is 100 km (62 mi) long and 275 m (902 ft) deep.[10]
The Arctic Archipelago features fjords such as those around Ellesmere and Baffin Island , including Alexandra Fiord ,[11] Ellesmere Island, and Kangiqtualuk Uqquqti ,[12] Baffin Island.
When a portion of the high cliff wall falls off, it may cause a tsunami . This occurred in the early 20th century at Western Brook Pond of Gros Morne National Park when a 30 m (98 ft) tsunami was created after Broke Off Cliff fell.[13]
Fjords listed here may consist of several complex waterways. These waterways may contribute to the length of the fjord. For more information on these please see the main fjord source or Wikipedia article. Some examples are Dean Channel [14] and Douglas Channel .[15] The locality of Hagensborg in the Bella Coola Valley in the Dean Channel fjord was settled by Norwegian immigrants in 1894 as it reminded them of home.[16] The total length of the fjord from the head of Dean Channel to the mouth of Fitz Hugh Sound [17] is about 170 km (110 mi) rivalling Hardangerfjord in Norway for length. The Hardangerfjord, the Queen of fjords, at a length of 179 km (111 mi) is claimed to be fourth largest fjord in the world and second largest of Norway.[18] [19]
Anaktalak Bay, Saglek Fiord and Nachvak Fiord off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador are being studied for environmental changes due to global warming . Increased tourism and marine traffic, contaminants from air, water or industrial pollution, changing weather patterns are affecting what once had been pristine water basins of the fjords protected by sills.[20]
The use of the word canal to name fjords or inlets on the British Columbian and Southeast Alaskan coast is a legacy of the Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest in the 18th century. For example, Haro Strait [21] between Victoria and the San Juan Islands was originally Canal de Haro . The English cognate to the Spanish canal is "channel", which is found throughout the coast, cf. Dean Channel.
Some fjords on the British Columbian coast have rapids , termed skookumchucks which means strong waters in Chinook Jargon ). Skookumchucks are caused by the shallows and narrows near the mouth of a fjord as the water inside the fjord's depths is drawn through, to or from, the more open waters beyond.[22] [23]
The phenomenon of mountain-gap wind or squamish or outflow affects the fjords of Canada and Norway. The outflow winds at the Salt and Bols fjords of Norway and the Howe Sound [24] and Portland Inlet [25] of Canada have been compared. European winds may be termed bora. The cold dry air of the continental interior seeks out the easier passage through the fjord valley creating hurricane-force winds.[26]
According to the definition, fjord, Western Brook Pond and Trout River Big Pond in Newfoundland's Gros Morne National Park, are also often described as a fjords, but are actually freshwater lakes cut off from the sea, so are not fjords in the English sense of the term. Such lakes are sometimes called "fjord lakes".[27] It is of interest to note that Pissing Mare Falls at 350 m (1,150 ft) high, is one of several waterfalls to drain into Western Brook Pond, Along the British Columbia Coast, a notable fjord-lake is Owikeno Lake ,[28] which is a freshwater extension of Rivers Inlet .[29]
List of fjords
See also
References ^ a b "Portland Canal". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Indian Arm". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Kingcome Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Saglek Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Nachvak Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Hebron Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Western Brook Pond". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ a b "Trout River Big Pond". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-22 . ^ a b "Bonne Bay". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ Pickard, G. L. (2008). "Fjord". The Canadian Encyclopedia > Geography > Oceanography > Fjord . Historica Foundation of Canada. ^ a b "Alexandra Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Kangiqtualuk Uqquqti". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ Ruffman, Alan; P.Geo (2002). "Atlantic Tsunamis: "Like a River Returning"". IXBN=0-674-00884-7 . Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-11-10 . ^ a b "Dean Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Douglas Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ Norwegian Settlement in the Bella Coola Valley, Bella Coola Museum website ^ a b "Fitz Hugh Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Hardangerfjord". Retrieved 2008-11-10 . ^ "Eidfjord Cruiseport – Hardangerfjord" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2008-11-10 . ^ "Three fjords under scientists' microscope". The Gazette . Canwest Digital Media, a division of Canwest Publishing Inc. October 18, 2008. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22. Retrieved 2008-11-10 . ^ "Haro Strait". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-22 . ^ Cassidy, Frederic Gomes; Joan Houston Hall (2002-12-31). Dictionary of American Regional English - Google Books Result. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00884-7 . Retrieved 2008-11-10 . ^ Phillips, Walter Shelley (1913). The Chinook Book: A Descriptive Analysis of the Chinook Jargon in Plain Words, Giving Instructions for Pronunciation, Construction, Expression and Proper Speaking of Chinook with All the Various Shaded Meanings of the Words. Seattle : R. L. Davis Printing Co. pp. 86–87. ^ a b "Howe Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Portland Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ Jackson, PL (1994). "AMS Online Journals - Gap Winds in a Fjord. Part I: Observations on Howe Sound British Columbia". Monthly Weather Review . 122 . THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA: 2645. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2645:GWIAFP>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2429/33862 . ISSN 1520-0493. ^ Nasmith, Hugh (1962). Late glacial history and surficial deposits of the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia . Victoria, BC, Canada: BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. ^ a b "Owikeno Lake". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-22 . ^ a b "Rivers Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Aarrujaaqtuup Kangiqtua". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Aarrujaaqtuup Kangiqtua (Formerly Pitchforth Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Agate Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Akpait Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Aktijartukan Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Alan Reach". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Alberni Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Alice Arm". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Alluviaq Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ a b "Alluviaq Fiord / Fjord Alluviaq (Formerly Abloviak Bay / Abloviak Fiord / Fjord Abloviak)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Archer Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Arthur Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Arviqtujuq Kangiqtua". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Arviqtujuq Kangiqtua (Formerly Eglinton Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Aurland Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ayles Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Baad Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Baie Wakeham". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bals Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Barrie Reach". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Baumann Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bay Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bears Gut". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Beitstad Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Belize Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bentham Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bird Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Blind Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Blue Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Boas Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Borup Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Briggs Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bukken Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bunde Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Burke Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ Lincoln S. Hollister, Glenn Woodsworth; Ron M. Clowes; Michael Rawson; et al. (2008-11-09). "Batholiths How the Coast Mountains of British Columbia formed A Canada, USA EArth Science Research Project" (PDF) . Batholiths: Project description for Seismic Research Component . Retrieved 2008-11-09 . ^ "Burrard Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Bute Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Cambridge Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Cañon Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Cascade Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Chandler Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Chief Mathews Bay". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Clark Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Clearwater Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Confederation Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Conybeare Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Coronation Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Cousins Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "d'Iberville Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Denmark Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Desolation Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Devastation Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Dexterity Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Disraeli Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Disraeli Fiord (Formerly Disraeli Bay)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "East Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Eids Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Eidsbotn". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ekalugad Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ekortiarsuk Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Emma Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ephemeral Cove". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Europa Reach". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Exaluin Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Expedition Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fabricius Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fisher Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fjord Alluviaq". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fjord de Salluit". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fjord du Saguenay". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fjord Qanartalik". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fjord Qasigiarsiti". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fjord Tursukattaq". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Foss Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Fram Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Frederick Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Gardner Canal". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Gibbs Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Gibs Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Gifford Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Gilttoyees Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Glacier Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Goose Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Greely Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Grise Fiord (Nunavut)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Haakon Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Harbour Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Hare Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Hastings Arm". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Hayes Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Hotham Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ Susan Marsden (December 2011). THE GITKXAALA, THEIR HISTORY, AND THEIR TERRITORIES (PORCHER ISLAND, BANKS ISLAND, PITT ISLAND AND ADJACENT ISLANDS) (PDF) (Report). James Freedman Kyle Law Corporation. p. 55. ^ "Humber Arm". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-25 . ^ "Ikkudliayuk Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ingnit Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Inugsuin Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Iqalualuit Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Iqalujjuaq Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Isortoq Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Iterungnek Fiord (Formerly Jerusalem Bay)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Iterungnek Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Itirbilung Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Jervis Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Jokel Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Jugeborg Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kairolik Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangalaksiorvik Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangerk Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangilo Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqhuk". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Kangiqhuk (Formerly West Arm)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqtualuk Agguqti". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqtualuk Agguqti (Formerly Walker Arm)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqtualuk Uqquqti (Formerly Sam Ford Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqtugaapik". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-25 . ^ "Kangiqtugaapik (Formerly Clyde Inlet)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-25 . ^ "Kangiqtugaapiruluk". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqtugaapiruluk (Formerly Kangert Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqturuluk". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangiqturuluk (Formerly Kangok Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangirlugag Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kangirtukutaaruluq Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Khutzeymateen Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kiltuish Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kingnait Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kingnelling Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kitimat Arm". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Knight Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Komaktorvik Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kulutingwak Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kumlien Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kumlien Fiord (Formerly Kumlein Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kwatna Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Kyuquot Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Labouchere Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Li Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Livingstone Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Loughborough Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Louise Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Maktak Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Markham Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Maujatuuq Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "McBeth Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "McBeth Fiord (Formerly Ijellirtung Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Mermaid Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Middle Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Milne Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Mokka Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Mooneshine Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Muskox Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Najjuttuuq Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nallulik Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nallussiaq Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Narpaing Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Narrows Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Narrows Inlet (Formerly Narrows Arm)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nass Bay". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nedlukseak Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nenahlmai Lagoon". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nettilling Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Newton Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Noodleook Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "North Bentinck Arm". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "North Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "North Pangnirtung Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nudlung Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nugent Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Nyeboe Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Observatory Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Otto Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Padle Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Pangnirtung Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Pearse Canal". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Prince of Wales Reach". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Prince Rupert Harbour". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ Golden, L (1998–2008). "The Prince Rupert Harbour Complex". Based on the book Title:"Biophysical Suitability of the North Coast and Queen Charlotte Islands Regions of British Columbia for Salmonid Farming in Net Cages" MAFF (1992) . Retrieved 2008-11-09 . ^ "Princess Louisa Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Princess Royal Reach". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ptarmigan Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Qarmaarjuit". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-27 . ^ "Qarmaarjuit (Formerly Amadjuak Bay)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-27 . ^ "Quajon Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Quatsino Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Queen Charlotte Strait". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Queens Reach". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Quernbiter Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Rens Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Rocknoser Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Roscoe Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Royal Society Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Saanich Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Sakiak Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Salmon Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Salmon Inlet (Formerly Salmon Arm)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Sarvalik". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Sarvalik (Formerly Sarvalik Fiord)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Sechelt Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ Riveiros, Natalia Vázquez; R. Timothy Patterson (2005–2006). "An Illustrated Guide to Fjord Foraminifera From the Seymour-Belize Inlet Complex, Northern British Columbia, Canada". Forams from BC . Plain-Language & Multilingual Abstracts. Retrieved 2008-11-07 . Narrows Inlet and Salmon Inlet . Narrows Inlet (14 km [8.7 mi]) is separated from the main inlet system by a shallow sill (11 m [36 ft]) at Tzoonie Narrows.^ "Sechelt Inlet (Formerly Seechelt Inlet)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Seton Lake". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Seymour Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Shark Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Skaare Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Skookumchuck Narrows". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Slidre Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Smith Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-21 . ^ "Sor Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "South Bentinck Arm". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "South Cape Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "South Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Southwind Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Starnes Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Stenkul Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Strand Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Strathcona Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Sunneshine Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Surprise Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Svarte Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Tanquary Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Tasialuk". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-15 . ^ "Tasialuk (Formerly Ayr Lake)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Tawsig Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Telegraph Passage". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Tellialuk Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Telliaosilk Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Tingin Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Toba Inlet". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Touak Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Trold Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Troll Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Tromso Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Trout Trap Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ugjuktok Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Uivvaruluup Kangiqtuttaivanga". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ujuktuk Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Ursula Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Vendom Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Verney Passage". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Vesle Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Viks Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Wakeman Sound". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Walrus Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "West Cape Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "West Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Whidbey Reach". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Wolf Fiord". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Work Channel". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 . ^ "Work Channel (Formerly Wark Channel)". Geographical Names Data Base Natural Resources Canada . Retrieved 2020-06-16 .
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fjords of Canada .
