Туманные дома — это особый тип увеселительных или летних домиков, популярный в Шотландии и когда-то часто встречавшийся во многих загородных поместьях как элемент увеселительных садов. [1] [2] Название «Туман» происходит от шотландского слова, обозначающего мох , который был главной особенностью здания и в основном использовался для облицовки стен и крыши. [3]
Описание
В одном определении говорится, что «Туманные дома» были «Домами удовольствий», небольшими убежищами, выложенными мшистым дерном. [3] Их часто покрывали соломой из таких материалов, как вереск. Содержимое обычно включало изогнутую скамейку, расположенную у стены, с другими деталями, такими как пример на острове Боннингтон, где стол и скамейка были аккуратно покрыты мхом, [4] [1] и скамейка в Баллокмайле в Эйршире, на которой были написаны стихи Песня Роберта Бернса, висящая на стене. [5]
Фундамент туманного дома на острове Боннингтон.
Примеры туманных домов
Поместье Баллокмайл - разрушенный в результате пожара вандалами в марте 1944 года, Дом тумана Баллокмайл, как говорят, был построен Клодом Александром, братом Вильгельмины Александер , на месте, где Роберт Бернс впервые увидел свою «Бонни Ласс из Баллокмайл». '. [6] [7] Другие авторы утверждают, что это был племянник Бойд Александр, который построил его между 1853 и 1861 годами. [8] [9] На сохранившихся фотографиях два опорных столба в передней части здания выглядят как срубленные ели. , однако на самом деле они были сделаны из железа. Крыша была покрыта вереском, а хлипкие стены, кажется, были сделаны из вереска и мха или покрыты ими. [10] [11] Карты ОС показывают, что он был расположен на одной из многочисленных лесных прогулок к западу от конюшен. Ступени лестницы Иакова давали доступ к нему посетителям, приближающимся со стороны Катрины .
Маккей записывает, что Всемирная федерация Роберта Бернса призвала Министерство здравоохранения Шотландии заменить Дом Тумана, и эта задача была оставлена в руках Управления работ Ее Величества. Работы либо не были выполнены, либо здание погибло вторично; Однако металлические опоры «ствола дерева» были спасены и теперь украшают местный сад. [12]
Ballochmyle lies near Mauchline and Robert Burns' Mossgeil Farm where Robert lived for a time. Whilst walking in the private estate he saw Wilhelmina Alexander, sister of the owner, walking alone and this inspired him to compose a romantic song. Burns wrote to her, enclosing the song, seeking her permission to allow him to publish it. Wilhelmina was 30 years old at the time and no great beauty, so thinking that Robert was teasing her and being aware of his reputation she never replied. The correspondence was however in later life one of her most prized possessions and, as stated, the octagonal Ballochmyle Fog House was built in honour of the occasion.[13][14]
These verses were hung on the walls of the fog house[5][9]
The Lass o'Ballochmyle
On the other panels of the building were crossed swords, a lyre, a bow and arrow and a heart pierced with Cupid's arrow.[8][15] Cuthbertson visited in the 1940s and comments on the winding mossy paths by which the 'heather house' was reached, confirming that it was built on the site where the poet first espied Wilhelmina Alexander.[16][7] He goes on to mention the rarely visited 'Poet's Seat', a vantage point where Burns would sit and think over his poems and songs. The seat was the branch of an oak that grew horizontally at this point.[17]
The building that overlooked Gaans Holm was octagonal and nine feet wide. It was originally open on three sides however it was later altered to have a doorway and two windows. It had symbols such as hearts and cupid's arrows in addition to the aforementioned verses.[18] The board with the verses was stolen and only recovered twenty years later from an address in Glasgow.[19]
Douglas refers to the fog house as a rustic grotto and states that the first two verses of the Lass of Ballochmyle were recorded on a wood tablet in a facsimile of Burns's handwriting.[7][8]
Ruins of the old New Mar Lodge Fog House
Bonnington Estate - The cast iron bridge here is presumed to be that built for Lady Mary Ross who replaced or adapted the dovecot which stood on Bonnington Isle, to which the bridge leads, with a 'Fog House', lined with moss. The Wordsworths visited the site in 1803 and Dorothy Wordsworth described the interior of the fog house as being 'as snug as a bird's nest' and resembling a scooped out haystack.[20] It had a domed roof and the walls, roof and furniture were neatly covered with moss. It reminded her of huts illustrated in the book of Captain Cook's Voyages.[21] The building had a lockable door and was reached as mentioned via a cast iron bridge that replaced an earlier wooden one. Dorothy was however far from impressed by the view from this fog house and saw it as being too close to the path frequented by visitors. She did however regard it as being the finest example of a fog house that she saw during her tour in Scotland.[1] The fog house here no longer exists although the stone foundations are still visible and the bridge, although still present, cannot be used.
Craufurdland Estate - A fog house is shown in the 1856 OS map on the northern side of the Craufurdland Water close to Mount Tarbor however it is no longer marked in 1897.
Invercauld Estate - A fog house in 2010 was located above Invercauld Castle on a woodland walk overlooking the park. It is featured in the photograph above.
New Mar Lodge - locally known as Corriemulzie Cottage, New Mar Lodge is situated near Linn of Corriemulzie at the top of Mar Lodge Brae. The Fog House is now a ruin with only the drystone walls surviving.
Penicuik Estate (NT 21728 58916) - In the 1990s a ruinous fog house was recorded on the Pencuik Estate.[22]
Fullarton Estate - At the Fullarton Estate near Troon in South Ayrshire had thatched lodge called 'Heather House' that stood at the entrance to the house until it burned down in the 1950s.
Braemar Castle - There is a fog house near the castle. It was recently refurbished as part of the castle closure for major improvement works. The castle (built in 1628) re-opened to the public on May 2 2024.
Castle Semple - The old OS maps show that a Fog House once stood on Courtshaw Hill close to Lochwinnoch and the site of the old mansion house and its cascades feature. A moot hill was also once located here.
