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Kaidai-type submarine

The Kaidai-type submarine (海大型潜水艦, Kaidai-gata sensuikan) was a type of first-class submarine operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) before and during World War II. The type name was shortened to Kaigun-shiki Ōgata Sensuikan (海軍式大型潜水艦) Navy Large Type Submarine.[1]

All Kaidai-class submarines originally had a two-digit boat name, from I-51 onwards. On 20 May 1942, all Kaidai submarines added a '1' to their names. For example, I-52 became I-152. Ships are listed by the three-digit boat name if they had one, two-digit if they were not granted one or left service before 20 May 1942.

Class variants

The Kaidai-type submarines were divided into seven classes and two subclasses:

Kaidai I (I-51 class)

I-51 in 1924

Project number S22. The prototype for the class. The sole Kaidai I, I-51, was based on World War I-era German submarines. She was completed in 1924, refitted with new engines in 1932 and scrapped in 1941. I-51 never saw combat.[2]

Kaidai II (I-152 class)

I-152

Project number S25. There was only 1 Kaidai II, I-152 planned under the Eight-six fleet together with the I-51. She was completed in 1924, used as a training vessel until mid-1942, then struck from service. She was scrapped in 1946.

Kaidai IIIa/b (I-153 class and I-156 class)

I-158 in 1927

Project number S26 (Kaidai IIIa) and S27 (Kaidai IIIb). The nine Kaidai IIIs were based on earlier designs, but featured a strengthened hull. The "IIIb" types were 40 cm longer and had a different bow design. All nine boats were constructed between 1927 and 1930.[4]

Of the nine Kaidai IIIs, seven survived the war, as they spent much of their time as training vessels. These were scuttled or scrapped shortly after the end of World War II. I-63 was sunk in a collision with I-60 in 1939, the former losing all her crew. I-63 was refloated and scrapped in 1940. I-60 was later sunk by HMS Jupiter.[4]

Kaidai IV (I-61/162 class)

I-164 in 1930

Project number S28. Slightly smaller than her predecessors and with only four torpedo tubes, three Kaidai IVs were constructed between 1929 and 1930; I-61, I-162, and I-164. I-61 was lost in a collision in 1941. I-164 was sunk by USS Triton on 17 May 1942. I-162 survived the war.[6]

Kaidai V (I-165 class)

Project number S29. Three Kaidai Vs were constructed; I-165, I-166, and I-67 which were all completed in 1932. The design saw the upgrade of the deck weapon from a 50 caliber to a 65-caliber long dual-purpose gun. The submarine was also slightly wider and taller, with an increased crew complement of 75 and an increased maximum depth of 230 ft (70 m). I-165 was modified in 1945, her gun removed and two Kaiten manned torpedo suicide attack craft substituted.[7]

None of the Kaidai Vs survived World War II. I-67 was lost with all 87 crew during an exercise in 1940. I-165 was sunk on 27 June 1945, off the east coast of Saipan. I-166 was sunk by the British submarine HMS Telemachus on 17 July 1944, off the coast of Singapore.[7]

Kaidai VIa/b (I-168 class and I-174 class)

I-68/I-168 in 1934

Project number S31 (Kaidai VIa) and S34 (Kaidai VIb). They were built in 1931-34 under the 1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 1) and the 2nd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 2) for the expansion of the Japanese navy. Constructed between 1934 and 1938, eight Kaidai VIs were built; I-168, I-169, I-70, I-171, I-172, I-73, I-174, and I-175. At 23 knots, this type had the fastest surface speed for any submarine at the time of construction, although the speed was bettered slightly by later Japanese submarines. I-174 and I-175 were of the Kaidai VIb sub-type. They were 30 cm longer, 25 tons heavier, and equipped with a 50 cal deck weapon instead of a 65 cal.[8]

Kaidai VIs contributed to the sinking of two American aircraft carriers during World War II. The destruction of these submarines also hold some milestones; I-70 was Japan's first major warship casualty in World War II, and the sinking of I-73 represented the first warship kill by a United States Navy submarine in the war.[8]

Kaidai VII (I-176 class)

Project number S41. The final design in the Kaidai class, ten Kaidai VIIs were ordered in 1939 (I-176 I-185), and were completed over the course of 1942 and 1943.[10] They were built in 1939 under the Maru 4 Programme. The IJN called New Kaidai (新海大型, Shin Kaidai-gata) unofficially, and intended to replace this type with Kaidai III and Kaidai IV. Instead of possessing some aft-firing torpedo tubes as all other predecessors did, the Kaidai VII's six tubes all faced forward. They had an endurance of 75 days.[11]

Seven of the ten Kaidai VIIs were sunk within their first year of operation and all ten vessels were sunk by October 1944.[11]

Characteristics

Footnotes

  1. ^ The 海大 read as Kai-Dai, but the 大型 read as Ō-gata in Japanese.
  2. ^ "Type KD1". Combinedfleet.com – Imperial Japanese Navy Page. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  3. ^ 伊号第51潜水艦 (I-Gō Dai-51 Sensuikan). The same shall apply hereinafter.
  4. ^ a b "Type KD3". Combinedfleet.com – Imperial Japanese Navy Page. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  5. ^ HMS JUPITER (G 85) – J-class Destroyer
  6. ^ "Type KD4", Imperial Japanese Navy Page, Combinedfleet.com, retrieved 20 February 2007
  7. ^ a b "Type KD5". Imperial Japanese Navy Page. Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  8. ^ a b "Type KD6". Imperial Japanese Navy Page. Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  9. ^ Bob Hackett; Sander Kingsepp (2001). "IJN Submarine I-73: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  10. ^ a b Smith (1992) pg. 29
  11. ^ a b c "Type KD7". Combinedfleet.com – Imperial Japanese Navy Page. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  12. ^ Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2001). "IJN Submarine I-178: Tabular Record of Movement". combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 29 December 2012.

References