Midhat PashaDjemal Pasha with Anazzah tribal leaders, celebrating the completion of the al-Hindya dam on the Euphrates river near al-Hilla, south of Baghdad.Süleyman Nazif
1831–1902
1902–1917
References
^"HUKAM (Arabic Language)".
^Coke, Richard (1927). Baghdad, The City of Peace. Taylor & Francis. pp. 232–233.
^Owem, Roger (31 December 1993). The Middle East in the world economy, 1800–1914. ISBN 9781850436584.
^Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce A. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. ISBN 9781438110257.