Candy, known also as sweets and confectionery, has a long history as a familiar food treat that is available in many varieties. Candy varieties are influenced by the size of the sugar crystals, aeration, sugar concentrations, colour and the types of sugar used.[1]
Simple sugar or sucrose is turned into candy by dissolving it in water, concentrating this solution through cooking and allowing the mass either to form a mutable solid or to recrystallize.[1]Maple sugar candy has been made in this way for thousands of years, with concentration taking place from both freezing and heating.[2]
Other sugars, sugar substitutes, and corn syrup are also used. Jelly candies, such as gumdrops and gummies, use stabilizers including starch, pectin or gelatin.[1] Another type of candy is cotton candy, which is made from spun sugar.
In their Thanksgiving Address, Native peoples of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy give special thanks to the Sugar Maple tree as the leader of all trees "to recognize its gift of sugar when the People need it most".[2] In traditional times, maple sugar candy reduced from sap was an important food source in the lean times of winter in North America.
Africa
South Africa
Asia
Bangladesh
China
Chinese candies and sweets, called táng (糖)[4] are usually made with cane sugar, malt sugar, and honey.
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Philippines
Europe
Typically, European candies are toffees, nougats and rock candies.
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Gummies
Gummies are gelatin based chewy candies that come in a variety of shapes, colors and flavors. The gummy bear originated in Germany, where it is popular under the name Gummibär (rubber bear) or Gummibärchen (little rubber bear). Hans Riegel Sr., a candy maker from Bonn, started the Haribo company in 1920.[citation needed]
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Scotland
Former Yugoslavia and Albania
Middle East
Turkish delight and rock candy are commonly found in Middle East.
Chewing gum is often referred to as a type of candy.
Chocolate
Chocolate is made from the fermented, roasted and ground beans of the tropical cacao tree. In America, cocoa refers to ground cacao beans. Chocolate is the combination of cocoa, cocoa butter, sugar and other ingredients (milk, flavorings, and emulsifiers) and they are sweet.
Classic candies
Many of these candies were developed between the 1880s and 1950 by various candy-makers.[34]
Hard candy
Hard candies, or boiled sweets, are sugary candies that dissolve slowly in the mouth. Among the artisanal hard candies, the "pirulin", also known as the "Heng Jia" or "Heng Li" in Northern China, is a famous one in several Spanish-speaking countries, like Argentina, Mexico and Chile and its popularity has spread to certain parts of Greater Asia. There are many local and regional varieties, including the hazelnut-filled Mässmogge of Basel, Switzerland.
Liquorice
Licorice (liquorice) is a semi-soft candy that was originally flavored with a root extract of the Eurasian plant liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), of the Fabaceae (legume) family.[38] As a candy, they are often black with licorice flavor or red and strawberry or cherry flavored.[39]
Lollipops
Lollipops or Lollies are hard candies on a stick. The name lollipop was first coined by George Smith, owner of a candy company called the Bradley Smith Company. George named the stick candy after his favorite race horse Lolly Pop and trademarked the name "lollipop" in 1931.[43]
Sours
Sours are popular for their cringe inducing flavor and acidity.
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^ a bKimmerer, Robin Wall. Braiding Sweetgrass. Milkweed Editions. pp. 109–111.
^Independent, The (London), Aug 7, 1997 by Nigel Cope Archived 2008-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
^"Chinese Desserts". Archived 2011-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Kaleidoscope - Cultural China Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed June 2011.
^[1] Ng Yan Yan. URL accessed on April 14, 2009.
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^"Kino Candy". Kino.co.id. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
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^Dy-Zulueta, Dolly (8 October 2016). "The flavors of Ilocos Sur". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
^"Chubby".
^"Top 10 Pinoy Chocolates". SPOT.PH.
^"Hany Chocolate - Filipino Hany Milk Chocolate Candy". ABOUT FILIPINO FOOD. June 2, 2017.
^"Haw Haw Milk Candy - Now Available in Chocolate Flavor!". ABOUT FILIPINO FOOD. December 22, 2016.
^"Filipino Candy: Potchi Gummi Candies! (Misspelling: Pochi)". ABOUT FILIPINO FOOD. January 11, 2020.
^"VITACUBES DISPLAY BOX ASSORTED".
^"Traditional French Alps desserts and sweets recipes - Savoie Mont-Blanc - Savoie (73) – Haute-Savoie (74) : Alpes, France". Archived from the original on 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
^"Hollywood". Cadbury Inc. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
^"Brands-M". Kraft Foods Inc. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
^"A torok rejtélyes kémény-seprője". Népszabadság (in Hungarian). 13 April 2005. Archived from the original on 2013-02-11. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
^"Macskanyelvtől a pöttyösig". Szabad Föld (in Hungarian). 23 May 2009. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
^E. B. Jackson, ed. (1999). Sugar Confectionery Manufacture (2nd ed.). Springer. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-8342-1297-8.
^Chu, Anita. Field Guide to Candy: How to Identify and Make Virtually Every Candy Imaginable. Philadelphia: Quirk, 2009
^"Miodek turecki". acia1065.blogspot.co.uk. 2011.
^В. В. Похлёбкин, Кулинарный словарь Archived 2019-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, Центрполиграф, 2002 (William Pokhlyobkin, Culinary Dictionary, Centrpoligraf, 2002)
^The gelt chronicles, Leah Koenig, The Forward, reprinted in Haaretz, November 12, 2009; Rabbi Deborah R. Prinz, "Christmas and Chocolate Melt Together" in Petits Propos Culinaires 89, January 2010.
^"Diet Candy Seeking Name". The New York Times. March 4, 1988.
^"Factbox: British confectioner Cadbury". Reuters. 14 January 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
^"Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption". Eur-lex.europa.eu. 23 June 2000. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
^Candy News, Candy Crate in the News
^Hopkins, Kate (2012). Sweet Tooth: The Bittersweet History of Candy. Macmillan. p. 34. ISBN 9781250011190. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
^"Nestlé CARAMAC Riegel - Zutaten" (in German). Archived from the original on 2013-01-20. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
^"Skittles". Wrigley.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
^"Definition of licorice | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com.
^"How licorice is made - material, manufacture, making, history, used, processing, composition, product, industry". www.madehow.com.
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