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Ocean fisheries

A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. Fisheries can be wild or farmed. Most of the world's wild fisheries are in the ocean. This article is an overview of ocean fisheries.

Statistics

Oceans occupy 71 percent of the Earth's surface. They are divided into five major oceans, which in decreasing order of size are: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Over 70 percent of the world catch from the sea comes from the Pacific Ocean.

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Southern Ocean

Arctic Ocean

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The World's Oceans and Seas. Encarta. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
  2. ^ FAO 2005 statistics: Fisheries and Aquaculture. Includes fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, does not include marine mammals or aquatic plants.
  3. ^ CIA Factbook: Pacific ocean.
  4. ^ CIA Factbook: Atlantic ocean.
  5. ^ CIA Factbook: Indian ocean.
  6. ^ CIA Factbook: Southern ocean.
  7. ^ CIA Factbook: Arctic ocean.
  8. ^ Elert, Glenn Volume of Earth's Oceans. The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
  9. ^ "Pacific Ocean". Britannica Concise. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  10. ^ Hopley, David; Smithers, Scott G.; Parnell, Kevin E. (2007). The geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef : development, diversity, and change. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-85302-6.
  11. ^ "Tides in Marginal, Semi-Enclosed and Coastal Seas - Part I: Sea Surface Height". ERC-Stennis at Mississippi State University. Archived from the original on 2004-03-18. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  12. ^ Bleaching Threatens Caribbean Coral Reefs. CBS News. URL accessed on April 29, 2006.
  13. ^ Alarm sounded for Caribbean coral. BBC News. URL accessed on April 29, 2006.
  14. ^ Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (SPAW) NOAA Fisheries: Office of Protected Resources. URL accessed on April 30, 2006.
  15. ^ LME 12: Caribbean Sea Archived 2006-05-04 at the Wayback Machine NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center Narragansett Laboratory. URL last accessed May 14, 2006.
  16. ^ "GULF OF MEXICO". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
  17. ^ Pinet, Paul R. (1996) Invitation to Oceanography, St Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., (3rd ed.), p.202
  18. ^ Pinet, p. 206
  19. ^ Pinet, pp. 206–7
  20. ^ Pinet, p. 207
  21. ^ Galil, B.S. and Zenetos, A. (2002). A sea change: exotics in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in: Leppäkoski, E. et al. (2002). Invasive aquatic species of Europe: distribution, impacts and management. pp. 325-336.
  22. ^ "Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. Environmental issues".
  23. ^ "SCADPlus: Barcelona Convention: protecting the Mediterranean Sea". europa.eu. Archived from the original on 2006-06-13.
  24. ^ "Mediterranean Monk Seal Fact Files: Overview".
  25. ^ "Marine Litter: An analytical overview" (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. 2005. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  26. ^ "ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH INQUIRY INTO THE SCOTTISH FISHING INDUSTRY" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  27. ^ Phillip Colla Natural History Photography URL accessed January 21, 2007
  28. ^ Naturalist: On the swatch of no ground: Mashida R Haider goes to the Bay of Bengal and comes back full of the marine life there Archived 2010-11-30 at the Wayback Machine URL accessed January 21, 2007
  29. ^ CMS: Stenella attenuata, Pantropical spotted dolphin Archived 2007-02-03 at the Wayback Machine URL accessed January 21, 2007
  30. ^ a b "Hydrographic Survey Results". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  31. ^ "Red Sea & Gulf of Aden". United Nations Environment Programme. 2005. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
  32. ^ "US Coalition Presence in Gulf Helps Cut Piracy: Commander". Arab News. 2005-07-03. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
  33. ^ a b FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly
  34. ^ Siliotti, A. (2002) fishes of the red sea Verona, Geodia ISBN 88-87177-42-2
  35. ^ Urbina, Ian (July 28, 2015). "A Renegade Trawler, Hunted for 10,000 Miles by Vigilantes". The New York Times.
  36. ^ NZ National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (2003) [www.niwa.cri.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/29842/fau-2003-06.pdf Fisheries & Aquaculture Update.] No 6. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  37. ^ a b Michael Pidwirny (2006). "Introduction to the Oceans". www.physicalgeography.net. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
  38. ^ Some Thoughts on the Freezing and Melting of Sea Ice and Their Effects on the Ocean K. Aagaard and R. A. Woodgate, Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington, January 2001. Retrieved 7 December 2006.
  39. ^ Physical Nutrients and Primary Productivity Professor Terry Whiteledge. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 7 December 2006.

References