The club was created by the newly elected mayor of the Poltava city Andriy Matkovsky (2006–2010) who is the club's Honorary President and the main sponsor. FC Poltava entered the professional leagues for the 2007–08 season in the Druha Liha B without playing a single game at amateur level. The first coach of the main team was Oleksandr Omelchuk who previously coached FC Vorskla-2 Poltava. FC Poltava started the season trepidly but in the second half they improved a great deal.
The team's goal is to train players for the teams of the Premier League and First League.[2] The club also has intentions to reestablish the forgotten Poltava derby that in the Soviet times took place between teams of Kolkhospnyk (today's Vorskla) and Lokomotyv. FC Poltava has an agreement of cooperation with the local Horpynka sports school. In summer of 2010 the club announced of its withdrawal from the professional football due to a biased attitude from the PFL of Ukraine, particularly its refereeing.[3] After some talks with several state officials and from Ministry of sport a consensus was found. It was decided that the club would continue its participation in the Second League.
Home uniforms was dark green.
On 21 June 2018 it was announced that FC Poltava is dissolved.[4]
^Match was not played. The Control-Disciplinary Committee of the FFU awarded a 3–0 technical victory to Shakhtar due to the state of the pitch at Lokomotyv Stadium Полтаві зарахували технічну поразку в 1/4 фіналу Кубку України [Poltava was awarded technical loss in quarterfinals of the Ukrainian Cup] (in Ukrainian). UA-Football. April 13, 2017.[permanent dead link]
^3 points were deducted in accordance with the FFU Control and Disciplinary Committee. Тернополю та Миколаєву заборонено реєструвати гравців, з Полтави зняли три очки [Ternopil and Mykolaiv were prohibited from registering players, while Poltava was deducted three points]. ua-football.com (in Ukrainian). UA-Football. January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017. (12 January 2017)