Nuclides with atomic number of 75 but with different mass numbers
Naturally occurring rhenium (75Re) is 37.4% 185Re, which is stable (although it is predicted to decay), and 62.6% 187Re, which is unstable but has a very long half-life (4.12×1010 years).[4] Among elements with a known stable isotope, only indium and tellurium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope.
There are 36 other unstable isotopes recognized, the longest-lived of which are 183Re with a half-life of 70 days, 184Re with a half-life of 38 days, 186Re with a half-life of 3.7186 days, 182Re with a half-life of 64.0 hours, and 189Re with a half-life of 24.3 hours. There are also numerous isomers, the longest-lived of which are 186mRe with a half-life of 200,000 years and 184mRe with a half-life of 177.25 days.[5] All others have half-lives less than a day.
List of isotopes
- ^ mRe – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
- ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^ Modes of decay:
- ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 181Ta
- ^ Theoretically capable of β- decay to 186Os[1][9]
- ^ primordial radionuclide
- ^ Used in rhenium–osmium dating
- ^ Can undergo Bound-state β− decay with a half-life of 32.9 years when fully ionized
- ^ Theorized to also undergo α decay to 183Ta
Rhenium-186
Radiopharmaceutical.
References
- ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhenium". CIAAW. 1973.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ Bosch, F.; Faestermann, T.; Friese, J.; et al. (1996). "Observation of bound-state β− decay of fully ionized 187Re: 187Re-187Os Cosmochronometry". Physical Review Letters. 77 (26): 5190–5193. Bibcode:1996PhRvL..77.5190B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.5190. PMID 10062738.
- ^ a b c Janiak, Ł.; Gierlik, M.; R. Prokopowicz, G. Madejowski; Wronka, S.; Rzadkiewicz, J.; Carroll, J. J.; Chiara, C. J. (2022). "Half-life of the 188-keV isomer of 184Re". Physical Review C. 106 (44303): 044303. Bibcode:2022PhRvC.106d4303J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.106.044303. S2CID 252792730.
- ^ Page, R. D.; Bianco, L.; Darby, I. G.; Uusitalo, J.; Joss, D. T.; Grahn, T.; Herzberg, R.-D.; Pakarinen, J.; Thomson, J.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nyman, M.; Rahkila, P.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Steer, A.; Hornillos, M. B. Gómez; Al-Khalili, J. S.; Cannon, A. J.; Stevenson, P. D.; Ertürk, S.; Gall, B.; Hadinia, B.; Venhart, M.; Simpson, J. (26 June 2007). "α decay of Re 159 and proton emission from Ta 155". Physical Review C. 75 (6): 061302. Bibcode:2007PhRvC..75f1302P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.75.061302. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ^ Darby, I. G.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Bianco, L.; Grahn, T.; Judson, D. S.; Simpson, J.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nyman, M.; Rahkila, P.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Steer, A. N.; Uusitalo, J.; Venhart, M.; Ertürk, S.; Gall, B.; Hadinia, B. (20 June 2011). "Precision measurements of proton emission from the ground states of Ta 156 and Re 160". Physical Review C. 83 (6): 064320. Bibcode:2011PhRvC..83f4320D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.83.064320. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Darby, I. G.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Simpson, J.; Bianco, L.; Cooper, R. J.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Ertürk, S.; Gall, B.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hadinia, B.; Jones, P. M.; Judson, D. S.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A. -P.; Nyman, M.; Rahkila, P.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Steer, A. N.; Uusitalo, J.; Venhart, M. (10 January 2011). "Decay of the high-spin isomer in 160Re: Changing single-particle structure beyond the proton drip line". Physics Letters B. 695 (1): 78–81. Bibcode:2011PhLB..695...78D. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.10.052. ISSN 0370-2693.
- ^ https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensnds/186/Re/adopted.pdf, NNDC Chart of Nuclides, Adopted Levels for 186Re.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.