Siamese–Vietnamese wars

Armed conflicts between the Siamese kingdoms and various Vietnamese dynasties

The Siamese–Vietnamese wars were a series of armed conflicts between the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom and the various dynasties of Vietnam mainly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Several of the wars took place in modern-day Cambodia.

The political, dynastic, and military decline of the Khmer Empire after the 15th century, known as the Post-Angkor Period, left a power vacuum in the Mekong floodplains of central Indochina. United under strong dynastic rule, both Siam to the west and Vietnam to the east sought to achieve hegemony in the lowland region and the Lao mountains. The Siamese introduced — and Vietnam soon followed — the hostage system for Cambodian royals, who were relocated to their courts, actively undermining royal affairs and shaping future Cambodian policies.^[a] Eventually, territory was annexed by both powers, who conceived, maintained and supported their favorable Cambodian puppet kings. Actual combat mainly took place on Cambodian territory or on occupied lands. The 19th-century establishment of French Indochina put an end to Vietnamese sovereignty and to Siamese policies of regional expansion. Subsequent clashes of the two countries were not caused by regional rivalry, but must be viewed in the context of the 20th-century imperial policies of foreign great powers and the Cold War.^[2][3][b]

Prelude

The roots of the conflict started at the beginning of the 14th century, when Tai people busily expanded their states and came to clash with established Vietnamese state in the east. During the latter centuries, as the Vietnamese expanding southward to the lower Mekong, they came to conflict with Cambodia and the Siamese state.^[5]

List of Siamese-Vietnamese wars

See also

• Burmese–Siamese wars
• History of the Cham–Vietnamese wars
• Nam tiến
• History of Thailand
• History of Vietnam
• Military history of Thailand
• Military history of Vietnam
• Thailand–Vietnam relations

Notes

1. At the time of the invasion one group of the royal family, the reigning king and two or more princes, escaped and eventually found refuge in Laos, while another group, the king's brother and his sons, were taken as hostages to Ayutthaya.^[1]
2. Laos and Cambodia had been Siamese vassal states since Ayudhya times.^[4]

Citations

1. Vickery.
2. Kohn, p. 447.
3. Schliesinger, p. 106.
4. Franco-Siamese War 1893.
5. Zottoli, p. 80.
6. Taylor, p. 144
7. Tucker, p. 13.
8. Tucker (2009), p. 722.
9. Ku Boon Dar.
10. Wyatt, pp. 13Khmer–Vietnamese war (1123–1150)32.
11. Gilley, p. 517.

References

• "Franco-Siamese War 1893". GlobalSecurity. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
• Gilley, Sheridan; Young, Frances Margaret; Stanley, Brian (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81456-0.
• Kohn, George Childs (1999). Dictionary of Wars (Revised ed.). New York: Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-3928-3.
• Ku Boon Dar. "Tay Son Uprising (1771-1802) In Vietnam: Mandated By Heaven?". Research Gate. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
• Nguyen, The Thuan (June 5, 2013). "The Biggest War Between Southeast Asian Countries – War of Dai Viet-Lan Dang (1467–1480)". Late Afternoon. Nguyen The Thuan. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
• Schliesinger, Joachim (January 2017). The Chong People: A Pearic-Speaking Group of Southeastern Thailand and Their Kin in the Region. Booksmango. ISBN 978-1-63323-988-3.
• K. W. Taylor (2013). A history of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press.
• Tucker, Spencer C. (1999). Vietnam. University Press of Kentucky. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8131-2858-0.
• Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851096725.
• Vickery, Michael (1996). "Mak Phœun: Histoire du Cambodge de la fin du XVIe au début du XVIIIe siècle" (PDF). Persee. Michael Vickery. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
• Wyatt, David K. (1963). "Siam and Laos, 1767–1827". Journal of Southeast Asian History. 4 (2). Jstor: 13–32. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002787. JSTOR 20067439.
• Zottoli, Brian A. "Reconceptualizing Southern Vietnamese History from the 15th to 18th Centuries: Competition along the Coasts from Guangdong to Cambodia" (PDF). University of Michigan. Retrieved 23 February 2019.