Countryside farmhouse or villa during the Roman era
Villa rustica (transl.farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans[1][2] to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.[3][4][5][6][7]
The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),[8] and the pars rustica (farm area).
^Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
^John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
^Pliny, II.17
^Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^"Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
^Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^"Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
^Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
^"Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
^roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^"Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
^"Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
^Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
^Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.
External links
Villa Rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)