Werner Husemann (10 November 1919 – 2 February 2014) was a German Luftwaffenight fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Husemann claimed to have shot down 34 enemy aircraft, and was credited with 30 aerial victories.[Note 1]
Career
Husemann was born on 10 November 1919 in Schötmar/Lippe. He enlisted in the Luftwaffe in 1941 and served with a weather reconnaissance squadron.
Night fighter career
A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.
Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.[1] By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.[2]
In late 1942, Husemann transferred to the Stab (staff) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (the 1st Night Fighter Wing).[3] He claimed his first aerial victorie on the night of 17/18 August 1942. His victories increased to 17 by the end of 1943, including three British Avro Lancaster bombers shot down on the night of 25/26 June 1943. He was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron commander) of the 7th squadron of NJG 1 on 1 October 1943. Husemann was awarded the German Cross in Gold on 24 October 1943, and the Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe on 1 November 1943.
Group commander
On 4 January 1944, Husemann became commander of the I. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 (NJG 3—3rd Night Fighter Wing), succeeding HauptmannPaul Szameitat who had been killed.[4] Husemann was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 30 September 1944 after being credited with 30 aerial victories. By the war's end he had 34 aerial victories in over 250 night combat missions. His last 13 victories were claimed with OberfeldwebelHans-Georg Schierholz as his wireless/radio operator.[5]
On 14 November 1944, Husemann, flying a Junkers Ju 88 G6 attacked a Short Stirling bomber near Ringkøbing. During the attack, the Ju 88 was hit by the defensive fire of the Stirling's tail gunner. Too low to bail out, Husemann made a forced landing in the fields of Tværmosegaard, a farm 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) northeast of Herning.
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to Spick, Husemann was credited with 32 aerial victories claimed in over 250 combat missions.[6] The authors Heaton and Lewis state that he was credited with 34 aerial victories.[7] Obermaier lists him with 30 nocturnal aerial victories claimed in over 250 combat missions.[5] Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 32 nocturnal victory claims[8] Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Husemann with 31 claims.[9]
In some instances, aerial victories were claimed and logged in a Planquadrat (PQ—grid reference). The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) map was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2).[10][11]
^This claim is listed in Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945 but not in Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims.[3]
^According to Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims at 03:45.[3]
^According to Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims at 03:50.[3]
References
Citations
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 9.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 27.
^ a b c d e fMathews & Foreman 2015, p. 567.
^Aders 1978, p. 228.
^ a bObermaier 1989, p. 138.
^Spick 1996, p. 245.
^Heaton & Lewis 2008, p. 149.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 62–240.
^ a bMathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 567–568.
^Hinchliffe 1999, p. 208.
^Planquadrat.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 62.
^Stirling BF396.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 77.
^Stirling BF383.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 84.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 85.
^Lancaster ED816.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 89.
^Halifax BB379.
^ a b cForeman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 90.
^Stirling BK768.
^Stirling EH898.
^Lancaster R5572.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 91.
^Lancaster ED569.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 105.
^Lancaster ED328.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 108.
^Stirling EF448.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 110.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 112.
^Halifax JD166.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 125.
^Lancaster DS778.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 159.
^ a bForeman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 165.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 169.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 178.
^Lancaster ND963.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 188.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 192.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 197.
^ a bForeman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 202.
^Lancaster ND915.
^Lancaster KB759.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 208.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 210.
^Lancaster PB239.
^ a bForeman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 213.
^Lancaster ED588.
^Lancaster HK594.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 234.
^Bowman 2016, p. 195.
^Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 235.
^ a bForeman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 240.
^Patzwall 2008, p. 107.
^Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 203.
^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 238.
^Scherzer 2007, p. 412.
Bibliography
Aders, Gebhard (1978). History of the German Night Fighter Force, 1917–1945. London: Janes. ISBN 978-0-354-01247-8.
Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
Bowman, Martin (2016). German Night Fighters Versus Bomber Command 1943–1945. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-4979-2.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
Foreman, John; Parry, Simon; Mathews, Johannes (2004). Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939–1945. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-0-9538061-4-0.
Heaton, Colin; Lewis, Anne-Marie (2008). Night Fighters: Luftwaffe and RAF Air Combat over Europe, 1939–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-360-4.
Hinchliffe, Peter (1999). Schnaufer: Ace of Diamonds. Brimscombe Port, UK: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-1690-8.
Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
