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Battle of Kaniv (1662)

Battle of Kaniv (Russian: Каневское сражение, romanized: Kanevskoe srazhenie), was a battle during the summer campaign in the left-wing Ukraine of Yuri Khmelnitsky, between the Cossack-Polish troops and the Russian-Cossack army led by Yakim Somko and Grigory Romodanovsky. The battle ended with a crushing defeat for Yuri Khmelnitsky and the hetman's retreat to right-bank Ukraine.

Background

After defeat of the Russians at Chudnov and the betrayal of the Russian Tsardom by Yuri Khmelnitsky, Left-bank Ukraine with Yakim Soma was for Russia, right-bank Ukraine led by Yuri Khmelnitsky was a supporter of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[3]
During the summer campaign of 1662 of Yuri Khmelnitsky, the Ukrainian hetman was defeated in the Sieges of Pereyaslavl [ru] and subsequently retreated to Kanev, where a battle took place between the tsar's troops and the hetman's army[4]

The forces of the parties

The size of the Allied army is fairly well known, taking into account the losses they suffered at Pereyaslavl: 14,000 Cossacks, 4,000 polish and 2,000 Crimean tatars, In addition, they had 24 guns, this large group took up strong defensive positions along the Dnieper.[5]

The exact strength of the Cossack loyalists and Russians cannot be established due to the lack of documents regarding the Cossack group. Russian Russian Yuri Khmelnitsky estimates the strength of the Russians in a letter to Jan Kazimir at 55,000 people, but this position has been criticized, the total number of Russians directly: 14,500 people.[6]

To this should be added the regiment of Reitar, numbering 3,000 and Cossacks, numbering about 10,500. The total number does not exceed 28,000.[7]

Battle

After retreating from Pereslavl, Yuri Khmelnitsky dug in against enemy and began to wait for the attack. Romodanovsky joined Somko's Cossacks and together they set off along the Cossack hetman's retreat route. A surprise attack on the Cossack ranks failed, Khmelnitsky's cavalry retreated to the convoy without a fight. After this, 2,000 Tatar cavalry deserted and «went back to their lands». Yuri moved his cavalry against the Russians, and Somko did the same, He personally moved in the vanguard of the Russian-Cossack army. Then the Russian cavalry attacked. It was the attack of the Russian reiters and spearmen that became decisive; the hetman's army scattered and began to flee, while Yuri himself escaped through a nearby forest.[8]

Aftermath

As a result of the battle, The Allied army suffered a crushing defeat, the Russians took and angered Cherkassy.[9] The battle revealed the obvious weakness of the Cossack army and opened the way for the Russians to the right-bank Ukraine. Ukrainians lost 6,000 killed, captured and drowned, which bypassed even the Battle of Konotop. The Russians took 117 banners and 22 cannons, which is equivalent to the trophies of the Poles at Chudnov.[10]

Reference

  1. ^ Babulin 2015, p. 4.
  2. ^ Babulin 2015, p. 54.
  3. ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 4–6.
  4. ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 23–38.
  5. ^ Babulin 2015, p. 39.
  6. ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 39–40.
  7. ^ Babulin 2015, p. 41.
  8. ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 43–45.
  9. ^ Malov 2006, p. 41.
  10. ^ Babulin 2015, p. 79.

Bibliography