List of names of Freyr

List of names

The Rällinge statuette, believed to depict Freyr, Viking Age.^[1]

The Germanic god Freyr is referred to by many names in Old Norse poetry and literature. Multiple of these are attested only once in the extant record and are found principally in Skáldskaparmál. Some names have been further proposed by scholars to have referred to the god in the Medieval period, including one from Old English literature.

Names

Proposed names

Scholars have proposed names that may have been used historically to refer to Freyr. In contrast to the first table, these names rely to varying extents on speculation and are not unequivocal.

See also

• List of names of Odin
• List of names of Thor
• Names of God in Old English poetry

References

1. Lindow 2001, p. 121.
2. Skáldskaparmál (ON).
3. Brodeur 1916.
4. Lokasenna (ON).
5. Sundqvist 2013.
6. Gylfaginning (ON).
7. Young 1992.
8. Ögmundar þáttr dytts.
9. Sundqvist 2013, pp. 11–35.
10. Skírnismál (ON).
11. Bellows 2004, Skírnismál.
12. Orchard 2011, För Skírnis.
13. Bellows 2004, Lokasenna.
14. Atriða.
15. Viðbœtir við Olafs sögu hins helga.
16. Simek 2008.
17. Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar (ON).
18. Ynglinga saga (ON).
19. Gunnell 2017, p. 123.
20. Laing 1961, p. 15.
21. Laing 1961, p. 14.
22. Sturlaugs saga (ON).
23. Hall 2007.
24. Beowulf.
25. Taylor 1998, pp. 99–106.
26. Kruken 1995.
27. Simek 2008, p. 92.
28. Bellows 2004, Skírnismal.
29. Grímnismál (ON).
30. Ynglingatal (ON).
31. Sundqvist 2002.
32. McKinnell 2005, p. 148.
33. Mallet 2018, p. 546.

Bibliography

Primary

• "Beowulf on Steorarume [Beowulf in Cyberspace]: Bilingual Edition (OE text & translation)". heorot.dk. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
• "Grímnismál (Old Norse)". heimskringla.no. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
• "Gylfaginning (Old Norse)". Heimskringla. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
• "Lokasenna (Old Norse)". Heimskringla. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
• "Ögmundar þáttr dytts – heimskringla.no". heimskringla.no. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
• "Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar (Old Norse)". Heimskringla. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
• "Skáldskaparmál (Old Norse)". Heimskringla. Retrieved 12 January 2022.≈
• "Skírnismál (Old Norse)". Heimskringla. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
• "Ynglingatal – heimskringla.no". heimskringla.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
• "Ynglinga Saga (Old Norse)". Heimskringla. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
• "Viðbœtir við Olafs sögu hins helga – heimskringla.no". heimskringla.no. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
• "Sturlaugs saga starfsama, chapter 19". Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
• Bellows, Henry Adam (2004). The Poetic Edda : The Mythological Poems. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 0486437108.
• Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist (1916). The Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson. New York, The American-Scandinavian Foundation. ISBN 9798534277388.
• Laing, Samuel (1961). Heimskringla. Part two, Sagas of the Norse Kings. London: Dent. ISBN 0460008471.
• Orchard, Andy (2011). The Elder Edda : a book of Viking lore. London: Penguin Books. p. 60. ISBN 9780141393728.
• Wills, Tarrin (2 September 2020). "Skaldic Project - Atriða". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
• Young, Jean (1992). The prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson : tales from Norse mythology. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780520273054.

Secondary

• Gunnell, Terry (2017). Blótgyðjur, Goðar, Mimi, incest, and wagons oral Memories of the religion(s) of the Vanir. The Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature, Harvard University. p. 123. ISBN 9780674975699.
• Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England : matters of belief, health, gender and identity. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1843835097. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
• Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515382-0.
• Kruken, Kristoffer (1995). Norsk personnamnleksikon (2. utg. / ved Kristoffer Kruken ed.). Oslo: Norske samlaget. ISBN 8252144837.
• Mallet, Paul Henri (2018). Northern Antiquities. Franklin Classics. ISBN 9780343421724.
• McKinnell, John (2005). Meeting the other in Norse myth and legend. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: D.S. Brewer. ISBN 1843840421.
• Simek, Rudolf (2008). A Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Hall, Angela. BOYE6. ISBN 9780859915137.
• Sundqvist, Olof (2002). Freyr's offspring : rulers and religion in ancient Svea society. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala universitet. ISBN 9155452639.
• Sundqvist, Olof (2013). "On Freyr - the 'Lord' or 'the fertile one'?: Some Comments on the Discussion of Etymology from the Historian of Religions' Point of View". Onoma. 48: 11–35. doi:10.2143/ONO.48.0.3223612. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
• Taylor, Paul Beekman (1998). Sharing story : Medieval Norse-English literary relationships. New York: AMS Press. ISBN 0404641652.