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List of prime ministers of Pakistan

  • Top left: Liaquat Ali Khan was the first prime minister of Pakistan since its inception.
  • Top center: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the first prime minister to have been democratically elected as he was in 1977.
  • Top right: Benazir Bhutto was Pakistan's first and only female prime minister.
  • Bottom left: Nawaz Sharif is the longest serving non-consecutive prime minister, having served a total of 9 years in his 3 incomplete terms.
  • Bottom center: Imran Khan was the country's 22nd prime minister and is recognized as a popular global figure.
  • Bottom right: Shehbaz Sharif is the incumbent prime minister of Pakistan.

The prime minister of Pakistan (Urdu: وزير اعظم, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam, lit. 'Grand Vizier', Urdu pronunciation: [ʋəˈziːɾˌeː ˈɑː.zəm]) is the popularly elected politician who is the chief executive of the Government of Pakistan.[1] The prime minister is vested with the responsibility of running the administration through his appointed federal cabinet, formulating national and foreign policies to ensure the safeguard of the interests of the nation and its people through the Council of Common Interests as well as making the decision to call nationwide general elections for the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan.[2][3][4]

Since 1947, Pakistan has had 20 prime ministers, aside from the appointed caretaker prime ministers who were only mandated to oversee the system until the election process was finished. In Pakistan's parliamentary system, the prime minister is sworn in by the president and usually is the chairman or the president of the party or coalition that has a majority in the National Assembly– the lower house of Pakistan Parliament.

After the partition of British India on the midnight of 14/15 August 1947, Pakistan followed the British system by creating the post of prime minister based at the Prime Minister's Secretariat.[3][4] The then governor-general of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, took advice from the Founding Fathers of the nation and appointed Liaquat Ali Khan to establish and lead his administration on 15 August 1947.[5] Before the presidential system in 1960, seven prime ministers had served between 1947 until martial law in 1958. In 1971, the office was again revived but ceased to exist shortly.[6][7] Executive powers and authority was given to the prime minister when the full set of the Constitution of Pakistan was promulgated in 1973 but the post was ceased from its effective operations after another martial law in 1977.[8][9] After the general elections held in 1985, the office came to its existence.[6] During 1985 to 1997 executive powers were share between presidents and prime ministers due to 8th amendment to Constitution. In 1997, 13th amendment were passed and prime minister again got executive powers. Between 1988 and 1999, the office was held by Benazir Bhutto of the PPP and Nawaz Sharif of PML(N), each holding the office for two non-consecutive terms between 1988 and 1999: Bhutto during 1988–90 and 1993–96;[10] and Sharif during 1990–93 and 1997–99.[11][12]

After the general elections held in 2002, Zafarullah Khan Jamali was invited to form his administration as its prime minister.[13] After the Supreme Court of Pakistan's ruling to disqualify Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani in 2012, the business of his administration was looked after by Raja Pervez Ashraf until the caretaker administration was setup under Mir Hazar Khan Khoso.[14][15][3][4]

Nurul Amin of the Muslim League had the shortest term, at 13 days. Yousaf Raza Gilani of PPP had the longest consecutive term of 4 years and 86 days. At approximately 9 years and 215 days in total, Nawaz Sharif of PML (N) has been the longest-serving prime minister for a non-consecutive term.[3][16] Sharif was re-elected for a third non-consecutive term on 5 June 2013, which is a record in the history of Pakistan.[17][18] No prime minister of Pakistan has yet served their full five-year term.[19]

Key

Prime ministers

Timeline

Shehbaz SharifImran KhanShahid Khaqan AbbasiRaja Pervaiz AshrafYousaf Raza GillaniShaukat AzizShujaat HussainZafarullah Khan JamaliNawaz SharifBenazir BhuttoMuhammad Khan JunejoZulfikar Ali BhuttoNurul AminFeroz Khan NoonI. I. ChundrigarHuseyn Shaheed SuhrawardyChaudhry Muhammad AliMohammad Ali BograKhawaja NazimuddinLiaquat Ali Khan

Caretakers

Notes

  1. ^ This includes both Members of Government as well as Confidence and supply
  2. ^ In December 1958, General Ayub Khan imposed martial law, which vacated the seat of the prime minister, as Ayub became military president. Ayub ruled as authoritarian president till 1969. In 1969, power was handed over to General Yahya Khan who once more imposed martial law and became authoritarian military president, though at the end of his reign, he finally re-established the prime minister's seat by appointing Nurul Amin.
  3. ^ Following the 1971 Secession of Bangladesh, Military President Yahya Khan resigned and handed over power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Despite being a civilian, he ruled as chief martial law administrator and declared himself Emergency President rather than prime minister, continuing the presidential system before re-establishing the parliamentary system in 1973.
  4. ^ Martial law was imposed once more following the 1977 Pakistani military coup, in which General Zia-ul-Haq declared himself as military ruler and president. The post of prime minister was therefore abolished for 8 years in his Zia's presidency until he appointed Junejo in 1985.
  5. ^ Following Junejo's dismissal by Zia-ul-Haq, Zia did not appoint a replacement prime minister. Zia died in August 1988, after which Ghulam Ishaq Khan became President. The office was left vacant until Benazir's election.
  6. ^ Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi was appointed as the first Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan to oversee elections in 1990. He formed a caretaker administration and served the required interim period of exactly 3 months.
  7. ^ Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi was appointed as the Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan to oversee elections in 1993. He formed a caretaker administration and served the required interim period of around 3 months.
  8. ^ Malik Meraj Khalid was appointed as the Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan to oversee elections in early 1997. He served the required interim period of around 3 months.
  9. ^ Military General Pervez Musharraf overthrew Sharif’s government in the 1999 Pakistani coup d'état and declared himself Chief Executive before declaring himself President of Pakistan in 2001. Despite general elections in 2002, Musharraf still remained in power, with Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Shujaat Hussain and Shaukat Aziz’s tenures being heavily influenced by Musharraf who remained President until 2008.
  10. ^ The PML-N was part of the coalition at first but almost immediately left.

External links

  1. ^ Article 153(2a)-153(2c) Archived 27 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine in Chapter 3: Special Provisions, Part V: Relations between Federation and Provinces in the Constitution of Pakistan.
  2. ^ "Prime minister". BBC News. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tasleem, Nauman (27 June 2004). "20 prime ministers since independence". Daily Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "Prime ministers". World Statesmen. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  5. ^ a b Mughal, M Yakub. "Special Edition (Liaqat Ali Khan)". The News International. Daily Jang. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Parliamentary history". National Assembly of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  7. ^ Nagendra Kr. Singh (2003). Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-81-261-1390-3.
  8. ^ "The constitution of the islamic republic of pakistan" (PDF). National Assembly of Pakistan. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  9. ^ a b Pakistan: Zia and After. Abhinav Publications. 1989. pp. 20–35. ISBN 978-81-7017-253-6. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  10. ^ a b "Obituary: Benazir Bhutto". BBC News. 27 December 2007. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  11. ^ a b c "Profile: Nawaz Sharif". BBC News. 11 December 2000. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  12. ^ a b Akbar, M.K (January 1998). "Pakistan under Nawaz Sharif". Pakistan Today. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. p. 230. ISBN 81-7099-700-3. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  13. ^ a b "Profile: Zafarullah Khan Jamali". BBC News. 26 June 2004. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  14. ^ a b Rebecca Santana; Chris Brummitt; Zarar Khan (22 June 2012). "Raja Pervaiz Ashraf Is Pakistan's New Prime Minister". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  15. ^ "Yousuf Raza Gilani is sent packing". Dawn. Herald. 19 June 2012. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  16. ^ a b "World: South Asia: Pakistan army seizes power". BBC News. 12 October 1999. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  17. ^ a b "Nawaz Sharif calls for an end to US drone strikes". BBC News. 5 June 2013. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  18. ^ a b Nangiana, Umer (6 June 2013). "Unprecedented return: He is back". The Express Tribune. Agence France-Presse (AFP). Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  19. ^ "No Pakistani prime minister has completed a full term in office". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Death anniversary of Khawaja Nazimuddin". Radio Pakistan. 22 October 2012. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  21. ^ Nagendra Kr. Singh (2003). Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-81-261-1390-3.
  22. ^ "Ouster of President Iskander Mirza". Story of Pakistan. 1 June 2003. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  23. ^ Ali, Hasan (19 August 2008). "4 military dictators among 14 heads of state under Officers' Club of Revolutionary Armed Forces". Daily Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  24. ^ Muhammad Najeeb in Rawalpindi & Hasan Zaidi in Karachi (28 December 2007). "Benazir Bhutto: Daughter of Tragedy". India Today. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  25. ^ John, Wilson; Vikram Sood and Akmal Hussain (2009) (2009). Pakistan's economy in historical perspective: The Growth, Power and Poverty. New Delhi and Washington, D.C.: Dorling Kindersly (Pvt) limited, India and the Library of Congress. p. 220. ISBN 978-81-317-2504-7. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2012. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Dutt, Sanjay (2009). "1993 Elections". Inside Pakistan: 52 years oulook. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. p. 267. ISBN 978-81-7648-157-1. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  27. ^ Ranjha, Khalid (1 June 1995). "Altaf accuses Benazir of 'racism'". DawnWireService. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  28. ^ Burns, John F (5 November 1996). "Pakistan's Premier Bhutto is put under house arrest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  29. ^ Hassan, Syed Shoaib (12 March 2009). "Profile: Nawaz Sharif". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  30. ^ Dugger, Celia W. (14 October 1999). "Pakistan Calm After Coup; Leading General Gives No Clue About How He Will Rule". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  31. ^ "Pakistan Prime Minister Wins Parliamentary Vote of Confidence - New York Times". The New York Times. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  32. ^ Qaisar, Rana (29 June 2004). "Chaudhry Shujaat set to become 19th PM". Daily Times. Archived from the original on 21 May 2005. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  33. ^ "Soomro takes oath as Pakistan's caretaker PM". Xinhua News Agency. 16 November 2007. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  34. ^ Khan, Iftikhar A. (19 June 2012). "Yousuf Raza Gilani is sent packing". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  35. ^ Bhatti, Haseeb (28 July 2017). "Nawaz Sharif steps down as PM after SC's disqualification verdict". Dawn. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  36. ^ Zahra-Malik, Mehreen (29 July 2017). "Ousted Pakistan Leader Passes Baton to Brother, Shehbaz Sharif". The New York Times. Asia-Pacific. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2017.