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Pinyin table

This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones, most do not. Some utilize only one tone.

Pinyin entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the (unromanized) Zhuyin phonetic system in the Zhuyin table page.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü.

i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. Certain combinations are treated in a special way:

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. This is shown in Pinyin as follows:

Note that the y, w, and yu replacements above do not change the pronunciation of the final in the final-only syllable. They are used to avoid ambiguity when writing words in pinyin. For example, instead of:

There are discrepancies between the Bopomofo tables and the pinyin table due to some minor differences between the Mainland standard, putonghua, and the Taiwanese standard, guoyu, in the standard readings of characters. For example, the variant sounds 挼 (ruá; ㄖㄨㄚˊ), 扽 (dèn; ㄉㄣˋ), 忒 (tēi; ㄊㄟ) are not used in guoyu. Likewise the variant sound 孿 (lüán; ㄌㄩㄢˊ) is not recognized in putonghua, or it is folded into (luán; ㄌㄨㄢˊ). A few readings reflect a Standard Chinese approximation of a regionalism that is otherwise never encountered in either putonghua or guoyu. For instance, 覅 (fiào; ㄈㄧㄠˋ) is a borrowing from Shanghainese (and other dialects of Wu Chinese) that are commonly used, and are thus included in most large dictionaries, even though it is usually labeled as a nonstandard regionalism (方, short for 方言 (topolect)), with the local reading viau [vjɔ], which is approximated in Standard Chinese as fiào.

Overall table

Syllables in italics are considered nonstandard, and only exist in the form of regionalisms, neologisms or slang.

Color Legend:

There are also a very small number of syllables consisting only of consonants: m (呣), n (嗯), ng (嗯), hm (噷), hng (哼).

  1. ^ a b c d e f See http://research.chtsai.org/papers/pinyin-xref.html

Erhua contraction

Additional syllables in pinyin exist to represent the erhua phenomenon by combining the affected syllable with an -r ending, rather than transcribing 兒/儿 as a separate ér syllable. This can be seen as analogous to certain contractions in English such as "they're" in place of "they are".

See also

Notes

  1. ^ See 嘎.
  2. ^ See 哦.
  3. ^ See 咯.
  4. ^ See 麼.
  5. ^ See 誒.
  6. ^ See the neologism WiFi (wāifài).
  7. ^ See 欸.
  8. ^ See 得.
  9. ^ See 忒.
  10. ^ See 剋.
  11. ^ See 這.
  12. ^ See 𤭢.
  13. ^ See 塞 and the neologism C.
  14. ^ See 剖.
  15. ^ See 耨.
  16. ^ See 扽.
  17. ^ See 啉.
  18. ^ See 簪.
  19. ^ See 岑.
  20. ^ See 鞥.
  21. ^ See 啪.
  22. ^ See 嗲.
  23. ^ See 㖸.
  24. ^ See 倆.
  25. ^ See 唷.
  26. ^ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 厓, 崖, 睚, 啀.
  27. ^ See 𧟰.
  28. ^ See 謬.
  29. ^ See the neologism Q.
  30. ^ See 𨈖.
  31. ^ See the neologism ㄍㄧㄣ.
  32. ^ See 𰻞, biangbiang noodles and ㄅㄧㄤˋ.
  33. ^ See 噹.
  34. ^ See the neologism ㄎㄧㄤ.
  35. ^ See the neologism ㄍㄧㄥ.
  36. ^ See 欻.
  37. ^ See 挼.
  38. ^ See 拽.
  39. ^ See 揣.
  40. ^ See 捼.
  41. ^ See the neologism ㄆㄨㄣ.
  42. ^ See 黁.
  43. ^ See the neologism duang.
  44. ^ See the variant pronunciation of 唵.
  45. ^ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 孌, 攣, 孿, 臠, 癵.
  46. ^ See the Beijing variant pronunciation of 淋.
  47. ^ See 窘.

External links