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Список фресок почтовых отделений США

Сельское хозяйство и промышленность Вентуры : Гордон Кеннет Грант (1908–1940) получил заказ на создание фресок для почтового отделения в Вентуре, Калифорния , в 1938 году.

Это список фресок почтового отделения США , созданных в Соединенных Штатах с 1934 по 1943 год по заказу Отдела закупок Министерства финансов США . Основной целью фресок почтового отделения США было обеспечение произведений искусства, соответствующих высоким художественным стандартам [1], для общественных зданий, где они были бы доступны всем людям. [2] Фрески были призваны повысить моральный дух американского народа, страдающего от последствий Депрессии, путем изображения воодушевляющих сюжетов, которые люди знали и любили. [3] Фрески, созданные Отделом живописи и скульптуры Министерства финансов (1934–1943), финансировались как часть стоимости строительства новых почтовых отделений, при этом 1% от стоимости отводился на художественные улучшения. [4] Фрески заказывались на конкурсах, открытых для всех художников в Соединенных Штатах. [5] Почти 850 художников получили заказ на создание 1371 фрески, большинство из которых были установлены в почтовых отделениях; [4] 162 из художников были женщинами, а трое — афроамериканцами . [4] Проект по оказанию помощи казначейству (1935–1938), который обеспечивал художественное оформление существующих федеральных зданий, создал меньшее количество фресок для почтовых отделений. [1] TRAP был создан на средства Управления по развитию работ . Секция контролировала творческий результат TRAP и выбирала главного художника для каждого проекта. Затем художник выбирал помощников из списков Федерального художественного проекта WPA. [6] : 62–63 

Художников попросили рисовать в стиле «американской сцены», изображая обычных граждан в реалистичной манере. Абстрактные и современные стили искусства не поощрялись. Художников также поощряли создавать работы, которые соответствовали бы сообществам, в которых они должны были находиться, и избегать спорных тем. [5] Проекты тщательно проверялись Секцией на предмет стиля и содержания, и художникам платили только после одобрения каждого этапа творческого процесса. [6]

Секцию и проект Treasury Relief Art Project курировал Эдвард Брюс , который руководил проектом Public Works of Art Project (1933–1934). Это были программы общественных работ, которые нанимали художников для украшения американских правительственных зданий, строго на основе качества. [2] [6] : 58–59  Это контрастирует с миссией по облегчению работы Федерального художественного проекта (1935–1943) Управления по развитию работ, крупнейшего из художественных проектов Нового курса. Его масштаб и культурное влияние были настолько велики, что термин «WPA» часто ошибочно используется для описания всего искусства Нового курса, включая фрески почтового отделения США. [2] [6] : 63–64  «Художественные произведения Нового курса» — более точный термин для описания произведений искусства, созданных в рамках федеральных художественных программ того периода. [7]

Фрески являются предметом усилий Почтовой службы США по их сохранению и защите. Это особенно важно и проблематично, поскольку некоторые из них исчезли или пришли в упадок. Некоторые из них укрыты в зданиях, которые стоят гораздо меньше, чем сами произведения искусства. [8]

Алабама

[9] [10]

Аляска

[9] [13]

Аризона

[17] [18]

Арканзас

[9] [20]


Калифорния

[9] [22]

Колорадо

[35] [37] Обзор фресок в почтовых отделениях Колорадо показал, что фресок там не было, а все было нарисовано на холсте. [38]

Коннектикут

[35] [39]

Делавэр

[35] [41]

Округ Колумбия

[9] [42]

Флорида

[9] [45]

Грузия

[9] [47]

Гавайи

[55]

Айдахо

[56] [57]

Иллинойс

[62] [63] [64]

Индиана

[9] [67] [68]

Айова

[9] [69]

Канзас

[9] [71]

Ряд почтовых отделений Канзаса были включены в Национальный реестр на основе их фресок в рамках исследования «Почтовые отделения Канзаса с произведениями искусства, 1936-1942 гг.» [72]

Кентукки

[9] [77]

Луизиана

[9] [78]

Мэн

[9] [80]

Мэриленд

[9] [83]

Massachusetts

[9][86]

Michigan

[9][87]

Minnesota

[9][93]

Mississippi

[9][94]

Missouri

[9][100]

Montana

[9][111]

Nebraska

[9][114]

Nevada

[9][119]

New Hampshire

[9][120]

New Jersey

[9][121][122][123]

New Mexico

[9][126][35]

New York

[129][130]

North Carolina

[35][134][135]

North Dakota

[9][136]

Ohio

[35][134][137]

Oklahoma

[35][134][145]A number of Oklahoma post offices were listed on the National Register as part of the " Oklahoma Post Offices with Section Art Multiple Property Submission", including those in Coalgate, Hollis, Madill, Nowata, and Watonga.

Oregon

[9][149]

Pennsylvania

[9][150]

Puerto Rico

[9][157]

Rhode Island

[9][158]

South Carolina

[9][159]

South Dakota

[9][160]

Tennessee

[35][134][162][163]

Texas

[9][35][134][165][166]

Utah

[9][176]

Vermont

[9][177]

Virgin Islands

[35][134]

Virginia

[35][134][178]

Washington

[35][134][180]

West Virginia

[35][56][181]

Wisconsin

[56][182]

Wyoming

[35][56][184]

See also

References

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Further reading

External links