Several cities in China had tram systems during the 20th century; however, by the end of the century, only Dalian and Changchun remained extant.[1] However the 21st century has seen a resurgence in tram transport systems as China attempts to combat with urban traffic congestion and pollution.
List of historical tram systems
Beijing had the first tram system in China. It opened in 1899 and connected Majiapu Railway Station to the south gate of the city. Trams were phased out 1958 to 1959.
Tianjin city, had a tram system that opened in 1906. By 1933 it had 9 miles of track and operated 116 tramcars. It was closed by 1972.
The Changchun tramway system started operations in 1942. By the 1950s the system covered 28 km (17 mi) with 98 cars. The system continues to operate today.
In Shanghai there were three tram systems - two operated by the colonial powers of Britain and France and one by a Chinese company. The British system opened in 1908 and was the largest of the three. It had 7 lines and ran 216 tramcars. The British system merged with Chinese system in 1952. The French system opened the same year and its 3 lines ran 60 tramcars. Like the British it merged into the Chinese system in 1953. The Chinese system opened in 1913 and operated 52 tramcars over 4 lines of some 23.5 km (14.6 mi) in length. The last tram services ended in 1975.
In Shenyang, Liaoning, a Japanese owned electric tramway opened in 1925 and replaced an earlier horse-drawn tram system that dated from around 1907.[2] By 1937 it had expanded to cover 12 km (7.5 mi) of track and ran 21 tramcars. It was finally closed in 1973.
Harbin, Heilongjiang had a system from 1927 with 8 lines and about 40 trams. The system closed in 1987.
The city of Anshan, Liaoning, had a single tram line from 1956 till the late 1990s and the track was dug up in 2006.
Dalian, Liaoning opened its first tram line on September 25, 1909. It was operated by South Manchuria Railway. By 1945, the system had 11 lines. Today 2 lines remain in operation covering 23.4 km (14.5 mi). The system is in the process up being updated with a mixture of old tram cars and new modern low floor cars in operation.
In 2011, Shenyang city decided to construct a new tram network to complement its new metro network. The first three lines of the new system were opened on August 15, 2013.[3][4] A year later, Nanjing opened the new Hexi trams just before the 2014 Youth Olympics. Since them new tram systems opened in a number of cities in China such as Qingdao, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Zhuhai, Wuhan, Huai'an and Beijing.
^5XX and 6XX lines opened in 1988; 7XX lines opened in 1993 with the opening of the Tin Shui Wai Extension [yue; zh-tw] in three phases in 1993 (phases one and two) and 1995 (phase three) – phases four and five had since been opened in 2003.
^Not part of China in 1904
References
^"China's Old Tram Systems - A Quick Round Up". China Rhyming. Hong Kong Railway Society. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
^Crush, Peter. "Kaiping Railway -China's second "first" railway". Retrieved 19 September 2013.
^"沈阳有轨电车3号线载客运营 公交地铁无缝对接-沈阳-中华人民共和国交通运输部". zizhan.mot.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2017-01-16.
^"Shenyang tramway opens". www.railwaygazette.com. Railway Gazette. 15 August 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
^ a b"定了！12月30日，高明有轨电车开通初期运营". Foshan Metro. 2019-12-29.
^ a b"明天中午12点，南海有轨电车一号线首通段初期运营 ，未来可在这个点换乘地铁". 2021-08-17.
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