The county of Durham (including the Borough of Darlington) returned 7 MPs to the UK Parliament from 1983 to 2024. Under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, coming into effect for the 2024 general election, the boundary commission proposed that one constituency be shared with the county of Tyne and Wear. In addition, the unitary authority of Darlington, which had previously been included with Durham, was now included with the four unitary authorities which make up the former county of Cleveland. For the purposes of this series of articles, Darlington continues to be included with Durham.
Under the Local Government Act 1972, which came into effect on 1 April 1974, the boundaries of the historic/administrative county were significantly altered with the north-east of the county, comprising more than half the electorate, being transferred to the new metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. In addition, the boroughs of Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees were included in the new county of Cleveland. These changes were reflected in the following redistribution of parliamentary seats which did not come into effect until the 1983 general election, resulting in a reduction in the county's representation from 16 to 7 MPs.
The table below shows the number of MPs representing Durham at each major redistribution of seats affecting the county.
1Prior to 1950, seats were classified as County Divisions or Parliamentary Boroughs. Since 1950, they have been classified as County or Borough Constituencies.
2Approximate equivalent number of constituencies. Prior to the redistribution coming into effect for the 1983 general election, two constituencies were split between Durham and Tyne and Wear, one was split between Durham and Cleveland and four were wholly within the reconfigured county.
3Approximate equivalent number of constituencies. Six constituencies wholly within Durham (including Darlington); one shared with Tyne and Wear; and one shared with the former county of Cleveland.
County seat Borough seat
1Part of the North Riding of Yorkshire from 1966 to 1974 (Teesside, Stockton)
2Renamed Hartlepool in 1974
As a county palatine, Durham had been unrepresented in the House of Commons until 1673, when the County of Durham and the Parliamentary Borough of Durham, both electing 2 MPs, were enfranchised by Act of Parliament.[1]
The Great Reform Act of 1832 radically changed the representation of the House of Commons, with the County being divided into the Northern and Southern Divisions, both returning 2 MPs. In addition, Sunderland (2 MPs), Gateshead and South Shields were created as Parliamentary Boroughs.[2]
Under the Reform Act of 1867, three additional single-member Boroughs were created, namely Darlington, The Hartlepools (Hartlepool and West Hartlepool) and Stockton-on-Tees (which also included the township of Thornaby in the North Riding of Yorkshire).[3]
Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the two 2-member county divisions were replaced by eight single-member divisions, namely Chester-le-Street, Jarrow, Houghton-le-Spring, North-Western, Mid, South-Eastern, Bishop Auckland and Barnard Castle.[4] The representation of the Borough of Durham was reduced to 1 MP.[5]
Under the Representation of the People Act 1918, the number of constituencies in Durham was increased further, from 16 to 18, which resulted in significant boundary changes.[6]
The Parliamentary Borough of Durham was abolished and was absorbed into a new County seat which also included northern areas of the abolished constituency of Mid Durham (excluding Witton Gilbert which was transferred to Chester-le-Street). The town of Hetton-le-Hole was transferred from Houghton-le-Spring.
The North Western and South Eastern Divisions were both abolished and five new county seats were established:
Other changes included:
As a result of the redistribution enacted by the Representation of the People Act 1948, Durham’s representation remained at 18 MPs.[7]
The County Boroughs of Darlington, Gateshead, South Shields, Sunderland and West Hartlepool had all expanded since 1918 and the parliamentary boundaries were adjusted accordingly. Gateshead was split into Gateshead East and Gateshead West and the 2-member borough of Sunderland was split into Sunderland North and Sunderland South.
Three county constituencies were abolished being replaced by two new ones:
Other changes included:
Under the First Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies the urban district of Felling was transferred from Jarrow to Gateshead East and two Gateshead borough wards were transferred from Gateshead East to Gateshead West. Jarrow was redesignated as a borough constituency.[8]
The Second Periodic Review, which came into effect for the February 1974 election, resulted in the number of MPs representing Durham falling from 18 to 16.[9]
The borough of Stockton-on-Tees had been absorbed into the County Borough of Teesside in 1966 and was now part of the North Riding of Yorkshire.[10]
The constituency of Sedgefield was abolished and its contents distributed as follows:
Other changes included:
Shortly after the Second Periodic Review came into effect, the county was subject to a major reconfiguration under the terms of the Local Government Act 1972. As a result, with effect from 1 April 1974, the constituencies of Blaydon, Gateshead West, Gateshead East, Jarrow, South Shields, Sunderland North, Sunderland South, most of Houghton-le-Spring and part of Chester-le-Street were now included in the new metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. In addition, Hartlepool and part of Easington were now included in the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland.
The next change to parliamentary constituency boundaries, following the recommendations of the Third Periodic Review, reflected the change in county boundaries and reorganisation of local government authorities in 1974.[11] This review did not come into effect for a further nine years, at the 1983 general election, and resulted in the following changes:
There were a limited number of changes under the Fourth Review:
At the Fifth Review there were only minor changes due to the revision of local authority ward boundaries.[13][14]
For the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which redrew the constituency map ahead of the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the Boundary Commission for England opted to combine the unitary authority of Durham with the Tyne and Wear metropolitan boroughs of Gateshead, South Tyneside and Sunderland as a sub-region of the North East Region. Darlington was included in a sub-region comprising the Tees Valley Combined Authority.
The cross-county boundary constituency of Blaydon and Consett was created, comprising approximately equal parts of the electorates of the abolished constituencies of Blaydon in Tyne and Wear and North West Durham in Durham. The remainder of North West Durham was distributed to Bishop Auckland (Crook, Tow Law and Weardale), City of Durham (Willington) and North Durham (Lanchester).
The constituency of Sedgefield was abolished once again, with the majority of its electorate being incorporated into the new seat of Newton Aycliffe and Spennymoor, including the towns of Newton Aycliffe and Sedgefield. Spennymoor was added from Bishop Auckland and Cuxhoe from City of Durham. Rural areas of the borough of Darlington were transferred to the Darlington constituency (resulting in it being re-designated as a county constituency) and the cross-boundary seat of Stockton West.
The table below shows which constituencies represented major communities within the current county (including Darlington) from 1885 onwards.