Oranienbaum (district of Wittenberg, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is a District (German: Ortsteil) of the town of Oranienbaum-Wörlitz. It is situated south of the Elbe, east of Dessau.
) is a former town and a former municipality in the
Duchy of Saxony 1180–1212
County of Anhalt 1212–1218
Principality of Anhalt 1218–1252
Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst 1252–1396
Principality of Anhalt-Dessau 1396–1561
Anhalt-Dessau, ruled by Anhalt-Zerbst 1561–1603Principality of Anhalt-Dessau 1603–1807
Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau 1807–1863
Duchy of Anhalt 1863–1918
Free State of Anhalt 1918–1933
Free State of Anhalt de jure, Gau Halle-Merseburg de facto,
Nazi Germany 1933–1945
Saxony-Anhalt,Soviet occupation zone 1945–1949
Saxony-Anhalt,East Germany 1949–1952
Bezirk Halle,East Germany 1952–1990
Wittenberg (district),Saxony-Anhalt,
Germany 1990–present
The former settlement of Nischwitz was renamed in 1673 after Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, a scion of the House of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Oranje-Nassau) and princess consort of the then ruling Prince John George II of Anhalt-Dessau.
From 1683 on, the Countess had the Oranienbaum Palace erected according to plans by the Dutch architect Cornelis Ryckwaert. The parks are today included within the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000.