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Shahrud, Iran

Shahrud (Persian: شاهرود)[a] is a city in the Central District of Shahrud County, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]

History

In 2006, traces of a prehistoric, 8000-year-old settlements were found in Shahrud. This is the pre-historical site of Deh Kheyr, Semnan, located in Shahrud Plain, 15 kilometers from the city of Shahrud. The discoveries included ovens, craft workshops, and other evidence of settlements.

Archeological excavations in different parts of Shahrud Plain indicate the existence of villages in this area during 7-5 millennium BC.[5]

As a modern city, the city of Shahrud was merely a village before the reign of Fath Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty, with two old castles and a small farm named "Shabdary". The surrounding areas however, such as Biarjomand, Miami and Bastam do have a distant history.

The old town of Bastam is located 6 km north of Shahrood. Its pre-Islamic history is not clear, but according to some historians, it was built during Shapur II period (310-379 CE). During the Abbasid era, it was the second largest town (following Damghan) in the Qomis province.

The town was visited by Nasser Khosrow Qubadiani, the Iranian poet of the 12th century, and mentioned by him as the center of the Qomis province. Bastam declined during the Mongol era assaults, and Shahrud eventually took its place.

Although absent from earlier historical sources, Shahrud has become an important town since the 19th century because of its location on the road from Tehran east to Khorasan.[6] It now also is on the railway.[6] A road runs from Shahrud across the Alborz mountains to the Caspian coastal plains in the north; it is accessible throughout winter.[6] Shahrud was renamed Imāmrūd after the Iranian Revolution of 1979, but has since reverted to the old name.[6] It is located just south of the historical city of Bastam.[6]

Demographics

Population

As of 1991, Shahrud had a population of 92,195.[6] At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 126,916 in 35,548 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 140,474 people in 40,931 households.[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 150,129 people in 47,606 households.[2]

Geography

Location

Situated about an altitude of 1345 m, the main launch site of the Iranian Space Agency is near Shahrood. It is also well known for unique types of grapes which are cultivated specially in Shahrud. Consequently, Shahrood is known as the City of Grapes.

Some 410 kilometers to the east of Tehran, halfway between the capital and Mashad, and at the junction with the Gorgan road, sits the modern city of Shahrud, which has grown to absorb the historic town of Bastam situated in the hills a few kilometers to the north.

From the north, it is surrounded by the Alborz mountains, and from the south by the arid salty deserts. The river of Tash, after crossing this town, reaches the south deserts. The weather on the mountainous areas is cold and it is somewhat temperate in other parts of the city.

Shahrud is in the Damghan basin, a sub-basin of the Kavir basin which also contains the Great Salt Desert.

Climate

Shahrud has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) with hot summers and very cold winters with freezing nights. Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls in winter (often as snow) and spring.

Attractions

Shahrud's geographical characteristics are varied, with cloud forests in the north and from the south it meets the central desert of Iran. The most interesting geographical and historical attractions of Shahrud are as follows:

Higher education

Notable people

Media related to Shahrud at Wikimedia Commons

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Notes

  1. ^ Also romanized as Shahrood, Shahroud, and Shâhrūd; also known as Shârūd[3]

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (25 April 2023). "Shahrud, Shahrud County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Shahrud, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062042" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Semnan province, centered in Semnan city". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  5. ^ Traces of Prehistoric Civilization Discovered in Shahrud (2006)
  6. ^ a b c d e f Bosworth, C.E. (1997). "SHĀH RŪD". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) (PDF). Leiden: Brill. p. 198. ISBN 90-04-10422-4. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  7. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  8. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  9. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Shahrud, Iran". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Shahrood Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 28 December 2012.

External links